Diabetes Mellitus Long Term Damage - 1144 Words

Introduction The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs (1). There are two main types of diabetes (2-6); Type 1 diabetes (T1B) usually develops in childhood and adolescence and patients require lifelong insulin injections for survival. Type 2 diabetes (T2B) usually develops in adulthood and is related to obesity, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diets. This is the more common type of diabetes (representing 90% of diabetic cases worldwide) and treatment may involve lifestyle changes and weight loss alone, or oral medications or even insulin injections. Both main types of Diabetes are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors (4). However, there are other rare forms of diabetes that are directly inherited. These include maturity onset diabetes in the young (MODY), and diabetes due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA (7). In type 1 diabetes, the cause is an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. Individuals at increased risk of developing this type of diabetes can often be identified by serological evidence of an autoimmune pathologic process occurring in the pancreatic islets and by genetic markers (8). In the other, much more prevalentShow MoreRelatedEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1381 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body has the inability to produce insulin or react normally to insulin. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is extremely complex, as diabetes mellitus is characterized by different types but share common symptoms and complications. Diabetes mellitus is classified in two types: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although the disease is characterized by different etiologiesRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : The Most Common Disorder Of The Endocrine System957 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Mellitus stems from the Greek word diabetes, which means to siphon, or to pass through. Mellitus is Latin for sweet or honeyed. Diabetes Mellitus is the most common disorder of the Endocrine System. The pancreas is an organ behind the stomach that produces a hormone called insulin. When this happens, our liver compensates by increasing glucose production from amino acids and glycogen causing hyperglycemia. There are different types of diabetes; however, this paper strictly focuses on TypeRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Major Public Health Problem Worldwide Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus has increased in recent years due to bad eating habits and inactivity. Diabetes Mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. Improved testing accuracy has improved which has confirmed more cases. There are two types of diabetes. In this paper I will explain the differences in both types of Diabetes and complications that are commonly associated with this disease, as well as treatment and plan of care for this disease. (American Medical Association) Type I DiabetesRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus And Diabetes1738 Words   |  7 PagesDIABETES MELLITUS 1 Emily Marroquin MED 2056 Diabetes Mellitus Instructor Michela Leytham 12/3/14 DIABETES MELLITUS 2 In 2012 29.1 million Americans had diabetes of those 29.1 million, 21.0 million were diagnosed and 8.1 million were undiagnosed. What isRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1390 Words   |  6 PagesFTVN036 Diabetes Mellitus Ms. Evelyn Sadsad August 21, 2015 As America’s 7th leading cause of death, Diabetes is steadily rising as a consequential result to the contagious sedentary lifestyle involving a very poor diet lacking in nutritional value and an increase in sugar or high fructose corn syrup. Many contributing risk factors are prevalent and attribute to the expanding number of the population who acquire diabetes. Signs and symptoms of Type I and Type II diabetes canRead MoreHigh Incidence Of Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe High Incidence of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Introduction Diabetes is a metabolic body condition in which the pancreas is unable to secrete enough insulin, hence leading to increased levels of blood sugar. Age, genetics, weight and ethnicity are the four main risk factors of Type 2 diabetes. Common symptoms include frequent urination, persistent fatigue, slow healing process for cuts and wounds and blurred vision. Type 2 diabetes affects 1 out of 10 people in America, as research has concludedRead MoreA Study On Bias And Selection Bias987 Words   |  4 Pagesdata collection stage of investigations. It arises when there is intentional or unintentional differential recall and reporting of information about the exposure or outcome variable. In the study, recall bias can occur if people with type 1 diabetes mellitus remember or report their exposure (diet, duration of virsus) differently. With cohort studies diseased participants are more or less likely to recall prior exposures than not diseased individuals. Recall bias impacts the study sin ce it can biasRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Or Type 2 Diabetes1398 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters the blood circulation simulating the pancreasRead MoreEar Infection: Overview of Otitis Externa1152 Words   |  5 Pagescondition. â€Å"Rheumatoid Arthritis is the autoimmune inflammatory condition that involves an immune response to the synovial membrane, causing synovitis. Proteins are released at the site or where the joint inflammation is. This eventually causes damage to the cartilage, bone, tendons, and ligaments of the affected joint. This eventually causes the joint to lose its shape and alignment, causing deformity and great pain. It is believed that the disease is triggered by an infection in people withRead MoreHealth Promotion For Age Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesAge-Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common health challenges world-wide, especially in older adults. In this paper, I am going to delve into how health promotion can be a significant factor in reducing the risks of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the aforementioned demographic. Through academic research and resources, in my first paragraph I will be providing the definition of Health Promotion and its importance for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. My second

Amish - 1568 Words

Running head: AMISH COMMUNITY 1 Amish Community Jennie Ong AMISH COMMUNITY 2 Abstract The Amish people are a community of individuals who hold their traditions of simple living, self-labor, and isolation very highly. Eastern parts of the United States as well as Canada are the most common areas where Amish communities are established. The group originated from Switzerland and received their name from their leader Jakob Ammann who, during the 18th century, led their immigration to Pennsylvania. Despite their customary values of seclusion, the Amish still experience the equal degrees of obstacles as any other organization may face. The Amish do not have the†¦show more content†¦As mentioned earlier, Amish people value their manual labor and traditions but with society intruding it affects the ways of the Amish community’s agriculture. Farming is a significant part of the community and if non-Amish people continue to expand where these people cultivate, it minimizes the living space of the Amish people. Industrialization is one of most difficul t problems that the Amish community faces. AMISH COMMUNITY 5 The Amish people try to avoid bringing attention to themselves, and are extremely cautious with the dangers of arrogance and self-worth. Tourism among the communities has increased and threatens the humble values that the people hold close to their culture. Non-Amish people are just so fascinated in the plain apparel they wear and the manner in which they interact with each other. Furthermore, the Amish people are just viewed as an attraction for people and the privacy of the community is not respected. Tourists flood the Amish communities in the hopes to catch a brief glimpse of the families working or children playing. In addition to the invasion of personal privacy, the increase in tourism opens their children to the materialistic mainstream of outside society. If the children get a glimpse of how the outside world interacts they may not want to stay and become baptized, making the future AmishShow MoreRelatedThe Amish767 Words   |  4 P agesThe Amish April 30, 2012 Ant 101 There are more than 250,000 Amish in the United States and Canada, the only places they live today. Most American’s view the Amish as backwards mainly because they shun the modern conveniences that most of us take advantage of on a daily basis. The Amish have a very rigid belief system –they believe that their religious faith and the way they live is inseparable and interdependent they do not consider it to be a lifestyle choice. The Amish was originated inRead MoreAmish1112 Words   |  5 PagesAmish Life Style The Amish live a different life style than we do. A lot of people misunderstand the way they live their life in rural communities. They think that the Amish live an old fashioned life and fear the real world. All they want to do is help their community every way they can. Each fellowship is broken down into districts where they live independently by rules their community agrees on. The rules consist of clothing requirements, color of buggies, household items, etc. There areRead MoreEssay on The Amish1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe Amish Both the Amish and the Mennonites were part of the early Anabaptist movement in Europe, which took place at the time of the Reformation. The Anabaptists believed that only adults who had confessed their faith should be baptized, and that they should remain separate from the larger society. Many of the early Anabaptists were put to death by both Catholics and Protestants, and many others fled to the mountains of Switzerland and southern Germany. Then began the Amish tradition of farmingRead MoreAmish Culture1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe Amish Culture The Amish are a fascinating people. They live surrounded by cities full of technology. Yet they live without automobiles, electricity, and most modern comforts that are taken for granted by many. Donald Kraybill asks the question â€Å"How is it that a tradition-laden people who spurn electricity, computers, automobiles, and higher education are not merely surviving but are, in fact, thriving in the midst of modern life?† Though they do not have all of the technology that we takeRead More The Amish Essay2605 Words   |  11 Pages Kraybill, Donald. The Amish and the State. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. The Amish and the State is wrote with the intent to identify the cultural values and social organizations of the Amish order along with how the traditional values of the Amish counteracted with the modernity of the state. This book covers the most prominent aspects of the Amish order dating all the way back to their very existence during the Radical Reformation in the sixteenth century. It entitles one toRead MoreEssay The Amish Religion717 Words   |  3 PagesThe Amish religion is one of high standards. They strive to keep away from modernism and to keep the basic principles of their faith. The Amish live on their own and care for their own things without the help of outsiders. By isolating themselves from the modern world the Amish keep a strong faith. They have good values and try to continue showing those values through their children and grandchildren. The Amish believe in many of the same things that we as Catholics believe. They believe in theRead MoreThe Amish Community Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesTourists from all over the world are fascinated by the Amish community and make a point to visit places like Lancaster County, Pennsylvania in order to try to gain an understanding to the mysterious people who stay â€Å"behind closed doors.† They do nothing to attract attention, except for having a culture unique to the rest of society. They isolate themselves from the outside world and aim to live the simplest lifestyle possible. Their way of life revolves around complete obedience to God, church, andRead MoreThe Amish Essay example544 Words   |  3 Pagescentury, the Amish movement was founded in Europe at the time of the Protestant Reformation. They are derived from a group impatient with the pace of reform in the existing churches. One of the main issues is baptism. A group of Anabaptists practise adult baptism. Relig ion is the basis of Amish life. They believe they must obey God at all times. To the Amish family, life is highly valued. Like other aspects of Amish life, it conforms to traditional attitudes and values. Courtship to the Amish is usuallyRead MoreThe Amish, Society and Culture1535 Words   |  7 PagesCase study/Cross Cultural Comparison The Amish is a group of traditionalist Christians that rely on simple living, plain dress and refuse to adapt to modern technology. The history of the Amish started in Switzerland in 1693 led by Jakob Amman. Today majority of the traditional descendants of the Amish live in Pennsylvania and Ohio. Family In an average Amish family it consist of, a mother, father with an average of 7 children. Their grandparents play a vital part of the family because onceRead MoreThe Amish Culture And Subcultures1522 Words   |  7 PagesSubcultures is a cultural group within a larger group. That have different interest and beliefs. than those of the larger group. The Amish,Mormon and the Jehovah witnesses are among the few strangest subcultures. These subcultural groups are the strangest because of their style,beliefs and hobbies. That separate these subcultures from any other Christian denomination. The Amish have certain beliefs that separate them from other Christian denominations. The bible influences their idea of the way they should

Discovering Diversity Project By Amin And Holmes - 1608 Words

Discovering Diversity Project This experience was specifically chosen as a mechanism to better understanding dementia in all its facets following the loss of an uncle, who I later found was diagnosed with the disorder. As described by Amin and Holmes (2016) dementia is a general term for a range of progressive organic brain diseases characterized by problems of short-term memory and other cognitive deficits and is often a consequence of processes that result in the aberrant polymerization of proteins (p. 687). From an academic and biological perspective, this information is extremely fascinating, however I rarely considered the faces behind the disorder and as such experienced something akin to a sudden bereavement following my uncle s†¦show more content†¦Unpredictable movements and vocalizations frightened and pushed me from my comfort zone, yet cooperating with an interdisciplinary team provided invaluable practical experience and a chance to learn appropriate care for t hose in vulnerable positions. Accordingly, two individuals made a major difference in my experience. The first was JP Hermano, the volunteer coordinator, who assisted me greatly by providing numerous seminars and training sessions to help me understand and become comfortable with dementia. The second was Alle Choi, the head dietician, and she helped to teach more of the practical and scientific aspects, such as the theory behind good feeding practices and potential warning signs to watch for with diagnosed individuals. Evidence of Discovered Diversity Since starting in February of 2016 I’ve had a clash of ideas concerning senior home care. One the one hand they provide many of life’s necessities, such as companionship, sustenance, and medical care but on the other it greatly diminishes individual autonomy and freedom to do many of the things an individual may love. Consequently, it was not until Diversity in Learning that I began to make connections to my discomforts towards senior homes. These discomforts stemmed from two social justice concepts: Privilege and discrimination, specifically ableism. I will preface by saying that while I understand the necessity for control and oversight, one of the things that irked me most about my volunteering

Analysis Of The Play Trifles And A Doll House

Motives Women in the early nineteen hundreds were not thought of as important as a man. The role of the woman was to stay home and perform household duties such as, caring for the children and the home. The role of the man was to work and speak for the family. The dramas â€Å"Trifles† and â€Å"A Doll House†, show how two women will commit a crime at all cost and somehow contrast with each other. Trifle is a word which is used to describe something with little importance or value. According to Suzy Clarkson Holstein, â€Å"SUSAN CLASPELL’S ‘TRIFLES’ is a deceptive play: deceptive because, like its title, it seems simple, almost inconsequential. Yet the play represents a profound conflict between two models of perception and behavior† (Holstein 282). In the play â€Å"Trifles†, Mrs. Wright is in the situation of being accused of murdering her husband. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters come upon a dead bird during the investigation and realize M rs. Wright may be guilty. In the play Mrs. Hale says, â€Å"I wonder how it would seem never to have had any children around. No, Wright wouldn’t like the bird- a thing that sang. She used to sing. He killed that too† (1.122). Mrs. Hale decides to hide the bird to protect Mrs. Wright, realizing the reason why she may have killed him. Mrs. Hale may have been motivated to commit the crime of hiding evidence because of the way the men belittled the women. In the play the Sheriff says, â€Å"They wonder if she was going to quilt it or just knot it† (1.73). As stated uponShow MoreRelatedA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreThe Role Of Women In The Doll House And Trifles1667 Words   |  7 Pagesgotten better for some women in recent years. Works like â€Å"The Doll House† by Henrik Ibsen and â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell have helped advance the idea of what roles women should play in society. In each play there are strong, female protagonists who, despite being oppressed by the societal rules against women, learn to rebel and fight for what they believe is right. While there are many similarities and differences between the plays, both challenge societies i dea on how women should act. WomenRead MoreEntrapment Of Household: Analysis Of â€Å"A Doll’S House†.1657 Words   |  7 PagesEntrapment of Household: Analysis of â€Å"A Doll’s House† The author of â€Å"A Doll’s House†, Henrik Ibsen was criticized for his controversial advocacy of moral and social reform by failing to respect the institution of marriage in his plays. A Doll’s House presents the aftermath of nineteenth-century patriarchal husbandry like those in Susan Glaspell’s play, â€Å"Trifles†. In many of the parlor plays of this era, female spectators reflect on their individual situations, revealing the unsatisfying natureRead MoreFinal Essay: English 1Bs Journey 1128 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish in its entirety can be simply described as author, biologist and physician, Lewis Thomas had once said, â€Å"We pass the word around; we ponder how the case is put by different people, we read the poetry; we meditate over the literature; we play the music; we change our minds; we reach an understanding. Society evolves this way, not by shouting each other down, but by the unique capacity of unique, individual human beings to comprehend each other† (Thomas 120). The impact literature can bringRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesfollowing cases: f l n r -go -lá » ¥ rather than h in words like afá »â€¹a rather than r in words like mmili ¤ rather than l in words like á » ¥nà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤ rather than h in words like ará » ¥ rather than -la in the perfect form rather than -rA in the neutral form market water house body With these differences, of course, go a host of lexical differences. It is hoped that comparison with other dialects will bring these to light. At the same time, it should be realized that not all the words included here are pure Onitsha

Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Sample Free Essays

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES FOREIGN STUDIES In its broadest sense, impeachment is the process by which public officials may be removed from office on the basis of their conduct. Strictly speaking, it is the decision by a legislature to accuse an official of one or more offenses that warrant removal according to constitutional standards. A vote to impeach then triggers a trial based on those charges. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Sample or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most famous impeachment proceedings have involved presidents, but every state has its own procedures. Most follow the federal model in general, but vary widely in their specifics. At the federal level, impeachment starts in the House of Representatives, where members may initiate resolutions to impeach a sitting president. The House Judiciary Committee decides if a resolution merits a formal impeachment inquiry. A simple majority vote in the full House can launch a formal inquiry. The House Judiciary Committee conducts an investigation to determine if allegations against a president warrant charges, or articles of impeachment. If a simple majority of the full House votes to charge a president with at least one article of impeachment, that indictment will move to the Senate for trial. At that point, the president has been â€Å"impeached† by the House. House members act as or appoint congressional prosecutors. The chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the trial in the Senate chamber. A two-thirds vote is required to convict and remove from office. The U. S. Constitution states that, â€Å"The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanours. † (Article II, Section  ). The House of Representatives has impeached two Presidents: Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton. Johnson was charged in 1868 with eight articles of impeachment, but was acquitted by a single vote in the Senate trial (depicted in the above engraving). Bill Clinton was charged with four articles of impeachment by the House in 1998, but was acquitted by the Senate early the next year. Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 before a final vote in the full House could send him to trial on three articles of impeachment. Each state constitution outlines a unique impeachment procedure, including variations on the list of impeachable offenses, protocol for an impeachment trial and the body responsible for an initial investigation. According to the Associated Press, seven governors in U. S. history have been removed from office following impeachment proceedings. The National Conference of State Legislatures said that a longer list would include states that have investigated governors for alleged offenses, voted to impeach a governor ahead of a trial, or held trials that resulted in acquittal. The only governor to be removed from office in the last 80 years was Gov. Evan Mecham of Arizona, who was convicted in 1988 of obstructing justice and misusing $80,000 in state money that he was charged with funnelling to his car dealership to keep it afloat. In January 2008, the Illinois House of Representatives voted 114-1 to impeach Gov. Rod Blagojevich for abuse of power in connection with the federal investigation that had led to his arrest the month before. Mr. Blagojevich was charged with trying to sell the Senate seat vacated by Barack Obama and with seeking to extort campaign contributions in return for official actions, including providing reimbursement to a hospital. Following the process that has been generally adopted by state legislatures in recent decades, the Illinois House created a special investigative committee, which made a recommendation in favor of impeachment to the entire body. In all states except Alaska, Nebraska and Oregon, the House votes on articles of impeachment ahead of a trial. In Alaska, the process is reversed, according to The Book of States. That state’s Senate must impeach a governor by voting on impeachment articles in order to initiate a trial in the House. Nebraska is the only state with a unicameral legislature. Without a state House, the Nebraska Senate votes to impeach before passing articles on to the state Supreme Court for a trial. Oregon is the only state without constitutional provisions for impeachment of a governor or other executive and judicial officers, according to the NCSL. Those officials may be removed from office, but not by the state’s legislature. State courts in Oregon may try public officials for criminal offenses, but the procedure depends upon the jurisdiction of a crime. LOCAL STUDIES Section 1, Article XI of the 1987 Constitution declares that â€Å"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and  lead modest lives. â€Å"   These words echo loud and clear today as our country’s leaders find themselves at the brink of conducting this constitutional process. Impeachment has been defined as a national inquest into the conduct of public men. It is a necessary safeguard to ensure that public officers have the moral fitness and integrity to fulfil their mandate. The provisions on impeachment are enshrined in Article XI of the 1987 Constitution. Under the Constitution only the following public officers may be impeached: The President, Vice-President, the Members of the Supreme Court, the Members of the Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman. This list of officers is exclusive. All other public officers and employees may be removed from office as provided by law, but not by impeachment. The grounds for impeachment are: culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust. These grounds are exclusive and offenses not falling within these parameters shall not be sufficient for impeachment purposes. The process begins at the House of Representatives, which has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment. A verified complaint must be filed by either a Member of the House of Representatives or by any citizen upon a resolution of endorsement by any Member thereof. Once the verified complaint has been filed it shall be included in the Order of Business within ten session days, and referred to the proper Committee within three session days thereafter. The Committee, after hearing, and by a majority vote of all its Members, shall submit its report to the House within sixty session days from such referral, together with the corresponding resolution. The resolution shall be calendared for consideration by the House within ten session days from receipt thereof. In the committee hearings, a vote of at least one-third of all the Members of the House shall be necessary either to affirm a favourable resolution with the Articles of Impeachment of the Committee, or override its contrary resolution. The vote of each Member shall be recorded. If however, the verified complaint or resolution of impeachment is filed by at least one-third of all the Members of the House, the same shall constitute the Articles of Impeachment, and trial by the Senate shall forthwith proceed. The Senate has the sole power of sole power to try and decide all cases of impeachment. When sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the Philippines is on trial, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside, but shall not vote. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate. The person impeached shall be  removed from office  and shall be  disqualified to hold any office under the Republic of the Philippines, but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to prosecution, trial, and punishment according to law. It is clear that the liability does not end at the Senate, the person impeached shall also be held for appropriate action as a result of his illegal and improper acts. How to cite Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Sample, Essay examples

Discovery Through Time free essay sample

Ten years from now I could almost be anything, ranging from those lost souls roaming the streets or the lost souls trapped in a cubicle. But my aspirations must always remain high, no matter the amount of darkness clouding my path. And these positions I want to acquire involve knowledge and entertainment and the marriage between the two. This is why I plan to pursue a career in journalism, so I do not have to rely on other people for my information. I realized what I wished to do with my life when the door to my mind and new ideas was opened as if by an over-eager SWAT team on an unwarranted search. The man who was a major proponent of the Hellenic invasion of the brain was Christopher Hitchens. Using his pen as a sword to cut through the veil of lies I had been told throughout my young life. We will write a custom essay sample on Discovery Through Time or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hitchens was the first person to explain how literature and argument is an effective tool to create change in the hearts and minds of people. He showed me that tough subjects could, in fact, be criticized with reason and that this logic and reasoning process can be applied to every aspect of life. I then began to learn and think more about my surroundings. Not only did this increase my mental aptitude, it allowed me to think for myself and not be affected by people who quite honestly were not my companion in the advancement of my future. I began to read. A new flower in my life started to bloom. It displayed its magnificent colors through novels, poetry, comedies, plays, articles, and various other texts that still plan to reveal themselves to me and reach out to my open heart and mind and suffocate them in eternal bliss. While I read as much as I can in my spare time it is art that allows me to appreciate what life gives and lets me know that I am not alone. The little things count. The laughter of a friend or the smile granted to you from a quiet angel. These are the things that are overlooked. I want to write, or rather, I must write. The need to express myself in a way through the written word was imperative. I wanted to be like my heroes were and to finally be free and true to myself. Whether or not this goal is within my reach is all up to how I work towards the end result, doing hard work out of passion. And trusting myself is as important if not more than the skeptical outlook that has more or less brought m e to this point. In the end what I desire is to be doing something I enjoy. The feeling of contributing to society in an entertaining and knowledgeable way shall stimulate my own narcissistic want for attention. And not only is seeing a smile on someone’s face what can give my whole day meaning; it is the thought of them learning something in the process. This is the reason for my choice of pursuing a career in journalism and my motivation to hone in whatever skills I have and light up the world.

Drug and Alcohol Policy at The Global Level

Question: Describe about the Drug and Alcohol Policy at The Global Level? Answer: The case scenario of Alex is one of the very common cases in the workplace legislation. It is mentioned that with passage of time Alex has got involved in the habits of drinking alcohol and such habits have led her to be quite a different person at her workplace. With reference to the given case of Alex, there are certain obligations as well as liabilities of the employers that is the school authority and Board members in context to abilities of Alex to perform her job. Emphasis is to be given on health as well as safety legislation (Stockwell, 2004). Development of alcohol and drug policy for the workplace: The higher school authority or the employer must along with the cooperation of employees and other staffs and representatives develop a written organizational policy upon alcohol as well as drugs at the workplace. At situations feasible, there must be proper development of effective policies in cooperation with that of medical experts as well as professionals who specifically deal with all problems related to drug and alcohol. Contents of drug alcohol policy: The policy that would be developed by the organizational management needs to include some important information such as measures to lessen alcohol or drug-related issues at the workplace by means of some effective personnel management, enhanced work conditions, effective employment practices, effective work arrangements, and also proper consultation amidst management as well as workers or their representatives (MANDERSON, 1999). There must be measures to restrict any kind of availability of such addictive substances within the school premises. The policy must include all kinds of measures related to identification as well as treatment or rehabilitation of staffs suffering from such issues. Rules must be prescribed that governs conduct at the workplace regarding such habits, and violation of which may lead to disciplinary procedures or even dismissal. As referred to the given case of Alex, the matter became worse due to the lack of such workplace policy related to drug or alcohol inta ke and problems. Initially, Alex used to be one of the most cooperative and effective staffs who delivered her best services in cooking to the primary school (Miller, 2005). However, with gradual passage of time it had been identified that her behavioral conducts and performances towards her organization worsened due to the lack of strict disciplinary measures. The organizational employer, employees, staffs and other representatives must jointly ascertain the impacts of drug as well as alcohol use within the school premises (Van De Voorde, Paauwe and Van Veldhoven, 2010). The organization is that of a primary school where children and kids come to acquire education. Their parents send them to school with the dream of becoming the most able person in life and brighten up their own lives. But, with such acts and occurrences within the school premise would be considered to be the most shameful acts that may harm the future of the children. Moreover, the environment would not be favorab le at all for young children to grow and gather educational learning. Thus, the school authority has a huge responsibility to take serious actions and measures with the context of such mentioned issue of Alex (Lexchin, 2012). Where indications exist that certain job conditions can contribute towards alcohol as well as drug issues, employers of the organization in cooperation with the employees and representatives must act reasonably and identify as well as take effective and preventive steps of remedial actions. Corporate Practices: The higher authority of the mentioned primary school must not formally or even informally support any kind of practices or behavior that incites, promotes or even facilitates the unwanted use of such addictive substances within the school premises. No staff of the organization must support such kind of activities within the premises (Rittle, 2015). Job placement of addicted staffs: When any employee or staff discloses any previous history of being engaged into drug or alcohol habits to the employer, immediately the employer must avoid exposing such an individual to any work condition similar to that in the past and that leading to serious problems. The habit of consuming alcohol or drug is simply illegal according to recent legislative changes. As highlighted in the given case scenario, the ultimate challenges within workplace arise when such intake becomes abusive or even depends upon addiction as well as dependence (Vassie, 2000). This inevitably leads to higher health expenses for illness, reduced productivity or performances, increased absenteeism, and more disability claims. These are to be noted by the school authority in this case. The conducts of Alex have become simply unacceptable with the school premise as not only she suffers badly but the staffs who work around her get affected passively. They lose concentration and interest in work in the long run (Hyde et al., 2013). The school authority bears a liability to consult Alex and other staffs who work with her in the same department and consider prohibiting Alex from consuming alcohol in workplaces or even arriving at the premise after consumption of alcohol. The employer needs to consider withdrawal alcohol for expense account reimbursement. The restriction must be applied to all the employees and staffs of the organization and the policy must be unbiased. Prevention through training programs: Education, knowledge and training sessions related to drug and alcohol consumption must be conducted for promoting safety as well as health at the workplace. These programs must be directed at every staff, and must contain information upon psychological as well as physical impacts of such habits (Miller, 2005). Training is essential in order to help the staffs with such habits as Alex. In this case, the employer of the organization had a liability to focus on the training session where Alex could have given adequate level of learning sessions and training by her supervisors and proper counseling would have been effective. This would have enforced Alex to quit the habit gradually. Models of workplace health promotion: Health promotion is considered to be the act of faith and must not be dismissed for any cause. The physical as well as mental well-being of employees at work is considered to the sheer responsibility of the employer which in this case is that of the school authority. Such promotional activities are sure to support as well as enhance health and safety within organization (Zheng et al., 2015). It is a common phenomenon that most employers view workplace stress as the key health-associated problem that they face, although very few policies exist to manage such situations. Most of the practices included the provision of formally written guidance and advice and not proactive interventions. As referred to in the given case scenario of Alex, she needs immediate care and concern of the organization (Anderson, 2006). It is to be recommended that Alex needs some kind of exposure to approaches that may enable her cope with the stress situations that she had been undergoing that made her get more and more addicted. Here it may be mentioned that some human resource management strategies exist to manage consumption of alcohol or stress by the fellow staffs like Alex within the workplace premises. There must be measures to restrict any kind of availability of such addictive substances within the school premises. The policy must include all kinds of measures related to identification as well as treatment or rehabilitation of staffs suffering from such issues (Bacchi, 2015). Rules must be prescribed that governs conduct at the workplace regarding such habits, and violation of which may lead to disciplinary procedures or even dismissal. Alex must be provided with formal session of treatment or recovery program that may include time period of after-care session that can act as crucial aspect of the process of assistance. When any experienced professional determines that a staff is effectively pursuing the process of treatment, or even successfully completed treatment, the staff as also in case of Alex, must be offered a transfer opportunity while returning to the previous position of organization. The employer needs to consider withdrawal alcohol for expense account reimbursement. The restriction must be applied to all the employees and staffs of the organization and the policy must be unbiased (D'Cruz and Noronha, 2010). Thus, the school authority has a huge respons ibility to take serious actions and measures with the context of such mentioned issue of Alex. Where indications exist that certain job conditions can contribute towards alcohol as well as drug issues, employers of the organization in cooperation with the employees and representatives must act reasonably and identify as well as take effective and preventive steps of remedial actions. Awareness program This approach generally involves the circulation of notes of guidance which helps in the promotion of awareness of the specific health advices or the targeted poster campaigns like that of HIV, smoking awareness and nutritious and healthy eating. Some of the employees or the employers can participate in the national initiatives or can also help in the promtion of wider health issues related campaigns (Hancock, 1996). The issues may include topics like that of no smoking day, or some broader aspects like look after your heart form of campaigns. The provision of health screening provides the employers to provide permanent or temporary reach towards the facilities which provide health screening. The screenings may include diseases like that of coronary heart diseases, diabetes, cholesterol screening, breast screening, prostate cancers, osteoporosis or other forms of cancers (Hill, 2003). Some specific forms of health specific initiatives or screening programmes can be held and supported by the employers for the provision of health education. The instructions may be in the form of class based instructions, or the use of clinics for the wellness of men and women, or awareness facilities (Zoellner, 2009). Risk analysis audits as part of the statutory obligations under the department of health and safety legislations or the employers can also raise the awareness of health issues in work practiceas a sign of good practice by the help of regular risk analysis or audits. The audits may include the physical working environments like the temperature, workstations or the lightings at the workplace as well as the psychological wellbeing or the potential source of the stress at workplace (Hughes, 2007). The increase in the number of policies that are being developed by the employers can be helpful on topics like health and safety. The topics may include smoking, alcohol, drug use, stress management, substance abuse, violence or bullying at workplace. Some of the employees have written it mainly for defensive reasons as the basis of design of proactive initiatives as well as workplace health interventions. Lifestyle change interventions In smoking cessation the employers may run some particular sessions which might be aimed at the employees who have the desire to stop smoking. The sessions may be in the form of formal presentations as well as in group support or monitoring. To manage stress among the employees individual or collective support from the trained counsellors for the employees who had a stressful workload or even due to changes in work load can be provided with self-management techniques or strategies. Some of the organisations also help to support, fund or sponsor employees so that they can have access to special support for alcohol or drug dependency. The support can also be provided by the line managers of the staff. Even if we leave aside the measures which are specifically designed for the purpose of addressing aspects of workplace stress, some of the organisations also provide supplementary support to the employees through the counselling and advice services (Hyde et al., 2013). The programmes related to employee assistance can be very generic in nature and are able to provide guidance on a range of issues, which might include personal or financial difficulties re3lated to family, childcare or legal problems. References Anderson, P. (2006). Drug And Alcohol Policy At The Global Level.Drug and Alcohol Review, 25(6), pp.485-487. Bacchi, C. (2015). Problematizations in Alcohol Policy: WHO's "Alcohol Problems".Contemporary Drug Problems, 42(2), pp.130-147. D'Cruz, P. and Noronha, E. (2010). The exit coping response to workplace bullying.Employee Relations, 32(2), pp.102-120. Hancock, T. (1996). Models of health: choosing the right modela commentary on Models of Health: pervasive, persuasive and politically charged by Trudi Collins (1995).Health Promot Int, 11(1), pp.64-66. Hill, F. (2003). Towards a new model for health promotion? An analysis of complementary and alternative medicine and models of health promotion.Health Education Journal, 62(4), pp.369-380. Hughes, C. (2007). Evidence-based policy or policy-based evidence? The role of evidence in the development and implementation of the Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative.Drug Alcohol Revs., 26(4), pp.363-368. Hyde, P., Sparrow, P., Boaden, R. and Harris, C. (2013). High performance HRM: NHS employee perspectives.Journal of Health Organization and Management, 27(3), pp.296-311. Lexchin, J. (2012). Models for financing the regulation of pharmaceutical promotion.Globalization and Health, 8(1), p.24. MANDERSON, D. (1999). Symbolism and racism in drug history and policy.Drug and Alcohol Review, 18(2), pp.179-186. Miller, P. (2005). Harm reduction ethics: a promising basis for drug policy.Drug and Alcohol Review, 24(6), pp.553-554. Rittle, C. (2015). Multicultural Nursing: Providing Better Employee Care.Workplace Health Safety. Stockwell, T. (2004). Australian alcohol policy and the public interest: a brief report card.Drug and Alcohol Review, 23(4), pp.377-379. Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J. and Van Veldhoven, M. (2010). Predicting business unit performance using employee surveys: monitoring HRM-related changes.Human Resource Management Journal, 20(1), pp.44-63. Vassie, L. (2000). Managing homeworking: health and safety responsibilities.Employee Relations, 22(6), pp.540-554. Zheng, C., Molineux, J., Mirshekary, S. and Scarparo, S. (2015). Developing individual and organisational work-life balance strategies to improve employee health and wellbeing.Employee Relations, 37(3), pp.354-379. Zoellner, D. (2009). Creating Shared Mental Models for Evidence-Based Mental Health Promotion in Schools.Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 2(3), pp.15-29.

Models of Disability free essay sample

Disability is a human reality that has been perceived differently by diverse cultures and historical periods. For most of the 20th century, disability was defined according to a medical model. In the medical model, disability is assumed to be a way to characterize a particular set of largely static, functional limitations. This led to stereotyping and defining people by condition or limitations. World Health Organization (WHO) – New definition of Disability In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a new definition of disability, declaring it an umbrella term with several components: * impairments:  a problem in body function or structure * activity limitations:  a difficulty encountered by a person in executing a task or action * participation restrictions:  Ã‚  a problem experienced by a person in involvement in life situations. Social or Human Rights – New Model The new definition of disability: * Emphasizes the contextual Focuses on the role played by society in defining, causing, or maintaining disability, or disabling experiences * Respects individual abilities and choices Definition of disability| OLD APPROACH| NEW PARADIGM| * A diagnosis * A medical problem†. We will write a custom essay sample on Models of Disability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A person is limited and defined by the impairment or condition| * A social and environmental issue that deals with accessibility, accommodations, and equity * Individuals with temporary or permanent impairments require accommodations to live full and independent lives| Strategies to address disability| OLD APPROACH| NEW PARADIGM| Fix the individual * Correct the deficit within the individual * Provide medical, vocational, or psychological rehabilitation services| * Remove barriers: physical, intellectual, cultural and educational * Create access through accommodations, universal design, and inclusive learning environments| Role of person with disability| OLD APPROACH| NEW PARADIGM| * Object of intervention * Patient * Research subject| * Community member * Participant in cultural discourse * Decision maker * Customer, museum patron, artist, critic| Models  of  Disability There are 2 main  models  of  disability: the  Medical  Model  and the  Social  Model. The Medical  Model Under the Medical  Model, disabled people are  defined by their illness or medical condition. The Medical  Model  regards  disability  as an individual problem. It promotes the view  of  a disabled person as dependent and needing to be cured or cared for, and justifies the way in which disabled people have been systematically excluded from society. The disabled person is the problem, not society. Control resides firmly with professionals; choices for the individual are limited to the options provided and approved by the helping expert. The Medical  Model  is best summarised by referring to the International Classification  of  Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps developed by the World Health Organisation in  1980. The classification makes the following distinctions: Impairment  is ‘any loss or abnormality  of  psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function’. Disability  is ‘any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment)  of  ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being’. Diagram  of  Medical  Model The Medical  Model  focuses on what a person can’t do: Impairment| Disability| A wheelchair user| cannot climb the stairs or walk to the shops| A partially sighted person| cannot read information in ‘standard’ size print| A person with an acquired brain injury| cannot speak as quickly as other people| People with disabilities have generally rejected this  model. They say it has led to their low self esteem, undeveloped life skills, poor education and consequent high unemployment levels. Above all, they have recognised that the Medical  Modelrequires the breaking  of  natural relationships with their families, communities and society as a  whole. The Social  Model During the 1960’s and 1970’s newly formed groups  of  disabled people started to challenge the way in which they were treated and regarded within society. Alternative definitions  of  impairment and  disability  were developed and formed the basis  of  what is known as the Social  Model. Impairment  is the functional limitation within the individual caused by physical, mental or sensory impairment. Disability  is the loss or limitation  of  opportunities to take part in the normal life  ofthe community on an equal level with others due to physical and social barriers. (Barnes, 1994:2) Disability  is no longer seen as an individual problem but as a social issue caused by policies, practices, attitudes and/or the environment. For example, a wheelchair user may have a physical impairment but it is the absence  of  a ramp that prevents them from accessing a building. In other words, the disabling factor is the inaccessible environment. The disabled peoples movement believes the cure to the problem  of  disability  lies in the restructuring  of  society. Unlike medically based cures, that focus on individuals and their impairment, this is an achievable goal and to the benefit  ofeveryone. This approach suggests that disabled peoples individual and collective disadvantage is due to a complex form  of  institutional discrimination as fundamental to our society as sexism, racism or homophobia. The social  model  focuses on ridding society  of  barriers, rather than relying on ‘curing’ people  who  have impairments.

Great Gatsby Essays (846 words) - The Great Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan

Great Gatsby Doesn't it always seem as though rich and famous people are larger- than-life and virtually impossible to touch, almost as if they were a fantasy? In The Great Gatsby, set in two wealthy communities, East Egg and West Egg, Fitzgerald describes Gatsby as a Romantic, larger- than-life, figure by setting him apart from the common person. Fitzgerald sets Gatsby in a fantasy world that, based on illusion, is of his own making. Gatsby's possessions start to this illusion. He lives in an extremely lavish mansion. "It is a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool, and more than forty acres of lawn and garden." It models an extravagant castle with a European style. Indoors it has "Marie Antoinette music- rooms and restoration salons." There is even a "Merton College Library, paneled with imported carved English oak and thousands of volumes of books." There is even a private beach on his property. He also has his own personal hydroplane. Gatsby also drives a highly imaginative, "circus wagon", car that "everybody had seen. It is a rich cream color with nickel and has a three-noted horn." It has a "monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes, supper-boxes, tool-boxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of windshields and a green leather conservatory." Other than Gatsby's possessions, he develops his personal self. His physical self appearance sets him apart form the other characters. His smile is the type"that comes across four or five times in life. One of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it." He has a collection of tailored shirts from England. They are described as "shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel." He has shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple-green and la- vender and faint orange, with monograms of Indian blue." Gatsby wears a unique "gorgeous pink rag of a suit" that sets him apart as a"bright spot." Gatsby's mannerisms are different too. He gives the"strong im- pression that he picks his words with care." Gatsby is an"elegant young roughneck whose elaborate formality of speech just misses being absurd." Gatsby also has a particularly distinct phrase which is "old sport." Further, at his parties he stands apart from the other people. Unlike everyone else, he does not drink any alcohol. Also, there are no young ladies that lay their head on his shoulder and he doesn't dance. During his parties he either sits alone or stands on his balcony alone, apart from everyone else. Gatsby even creates himself a false personal history that is unlike anyone else's in order to give him the appearance of having old money. He says that he is the son of a wealthy family in the Middle West, San Francisco, and he was educated at Oxford. Sup- posedly after his family had all died he "lived like a young rajah in all the capitals of Europe collecting jewels, hunting big game, painting and doing things for himself." During the war he was apparently a promoted major that every Allied government gave a decoration to." However, the medal he received looked to be either fake or borrowed. The fantasy world that Fitzgerald gives Gatsby also ends with parties that are practically like movie-like productions. These parties are so fantastic that they last from Friday nights to Monday mornings. His house and garden is decorated with thousands of colored lights, "enough to make a Christmas tree of his enormous garden." "Buffet tables are garnished with glistening hors-d'oeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys be- witched to a dark gold." He has famous singers that entertain his guests whom are the most well known and richest people. There is an orchestra with "oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and pic- colos and low and high drums." People do not even have to be invited to come to his parties. Car loads of people arrive at his celebrations. Movie directors, actresses and many celebrities attend his extravagan- zas. All these things make his parties well known by everyone. As I said in the beginning , he is portrayed by Fitzgerald as a larger-than- life figure. Apart from the fantasy world of Gatsby, Fitzgerald also invest his quest with a religious motif. The author describes him as a wor- shipper of his "holy" love, Daisy Buchanan. The promise is that he will be

Advertise Smarter

Advertise Smarter Successful independent authors advertise. Its as simple as that. You cant publish a book and expect the world to notice. You must get the word out. However, not all types of advertising produce the same results, and its easy to waste an awful lot of money without seeing substantial return. Trust me, Ive wasted plenty, and I want to help you avoid some of the same mistakes. I only advertise books that are on sale, or free, and I look for sites with a substantial mailing list. I avoid sites that boast huge Twitter followings as their claim to fame, because its easy to artificially inflate social media stats. I also avoid doing banner advertisements on sites, because the click-through rate on those are a Bookbub Lets address the behemoth first. I havent encountered a site thats more consistently worth the investment than Bookbub. At first glance, its expensive, but an ad with them is worth every penny. On average, for a free book in the horror genre, I see around 8,000–20,000 downloads on the day my ad hits, and the effect continues for several days until gradually coming back down to average. Bookbub can be awfully picky about which titles they advertise, which might be discouraging if they decline your novel. Dont be disheartened. Acquire more reviews on your book (which is part of their selection criteria), and give them another try in a month. For tips on finding more reviews, see my article in last weeks FundsforWriters newsletter: How to Get Reviews – Without Cheating! Freebooksy/Bargainbooksy This is another pricey option thats had consistent, positive results, although with nowhere near the same success as Bookbub. Their prices run between $40 and $200 depending on the genre of your book, and I usually see an uptick of about 1,000 downloads (for a free horror novel). Advertising with Bargainbooksy is considerably cheaper, but Ive never seen an impressive result from them. In my opinion, you should only use this site when your book is being offered for free. Kindle Nation Daily / Bookgorilla Its daunting to look at the pricing structure of this sites advertisement packages. Ive participated in several different options (including some of the frighteningly expensive ones) and surprisingly discovered that the best one is also the cheapest. If youre offering a free book, then its worth your time to invest in the $29.99 Free Book Highlighter option. OHFB Another free book advertising opportunity. This one competes closely with Freebooksy in terms of price and results, although I only utilize it when Im putting a slew of ads out all at once. Bookbasset Heres one thats still relatively cheap (get them while you can), but still manages to drum up impressive downloads. One of its options makes you the featured author for the day and can be used to advertise all of your books. This one runs $21.99 and is a good option if youre hoping to advertise books that arent available for free. If youre marketing a free book, then theres an option that runs a meager $7.99, but will usually land you a few hundred downloads. Good luck advertising your book! If you find a different site thats worth advertising with, please reply with   a comment.

Kenyan Mining Project essays

Kenyan Mining Project essays Mining Development VS. Social Disruptions: Assessing Both The Social Benefits With what was initially thought to be a feasible resource extraction proposal, has in turn lead to an onslaught of both economic and social uncertainties among more then five thousand Kenyans. Tiomin Resources, a Canadian based mining company, has shown a ferocious interest to construct 3 titanium based extraction mills along the Indian Ocean within the residence of the economically struggling providence of Africa. The proposed site(s), which rest in the fertile sand dunes along the Kenyan Coast, are thought to hold embody one of the largest supply(s) of both titanium and zirconium bearing minerals in the world. Despite what stands to be both an economical and social jackpot for one of the largest mining Corporations in the world, has in turn generated a spin off and or threat of both economic and environmental externalities from formulating in the near future. Among the focal points of major concern(s) rest the vantage points of two distraught parties. With more than ten thousand s mall-scale farmers in threat of being forced of their native soil, Kenyans argue the feasibility dynamics of such proposals arent socially balanced. Tiomin Resources rebuttals by addressing the profitable socioeconomic impact their proposal presents if operations where established in the financially dying province of Africa. As this heated debate continues, it soon becomes a question of assessing the feasible equity each party is willing to negotiate for. Not only is it imperative to question the long-run economical balance of such proposals but so to be it fitting to address the adverse effects such operations would have on the surrounding environment run economical balances. The dominant factor supporting Tiomin recent proposals to excavate within the titanium-rich sands of Kwale beach resides...

9 Sample Excellent Recommendation Letters for Your Job

9 Sample Excellent Recommendation Letters for Your Job SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Anyone who’s applied for a job knows how important recommendation letters can be to getting hired. While you've probably asked for a reference letter in the past, you may be less familiar with writing one. If someone asks you for a reference, how can you produce a greatletter that will help your employee, colleague, or friend get hired? To help you through the writing process, we’re providing nine samples of effective letters of recommendation (scroll down to skip to the samples!). By reading through these examples, you’ll gain a clear understanding of how to structure your own letters. Before getting to the free recommendation letter samples, let’s briefly review the role that referenceletters play in the hiring process. Why are they important, and what makes some stand out over others? Why Are Recommendation Letters Important? Many employers request recommendation letters to help them decide who to hire or internally promote. Throughout the hiring process, the applicant strives to present herself in the best light. Beyond the interview and resume, hiring managers look to recommendation letters to confirm the candidate’s qualifications and to gain insight from an outside party. The hiring manager wants to know what experiences the candidate will bring to the new role, how she’ll contribute to the company or organization, and how she’ll behave in the day-to-day. Recommendation letters can point to a candidate’s future performance by talking about her past achievements. Reference letters can also shed light on what it’s like to manage, work with, or, in the case of a character reference, be friends with the person under consideration. Theycomplement the candidate’s story and suggest what she’ll bring to the table in her next job. If you get asked to write a letter for someone, it’s safe to assume you want to do a good job. Helping someone get hired is not just a satisfying good deed, but it’s also good professional karma! So how can you turn those good intentions into a stand-out employee letter of recommendation? Each letter will, of course, be different, but good letters share certain key features. Read on to learn about three important characteristics of strong reference letters. Your recommendation letter's not the time to be cagey about your identity! The hiring manager wants to know who you are and why you're qualified to recommend the applicant. What Makes a Recommendation Letter Stand Out? 3Key Features Strong letters give positive descriptions of a candidate’s skills in a concise and powerful way. Beyond using language that's clear and error-free, what elements should your recommendation letter include to be effective? As you write your letter, make sure it does the following: #1: Explains Why You’re Qualified to Recommend the Candidate In order to hold weight, a recommendation letter should come from a reputable source. If an employer wants a professional reference, then the writer of that letter probably worked with the candidate in a supervisory capacity. Some employers will also be interested in letters from a colleague or, occasionally, a friend, neighbor, or family member. Most letters, though, will be written by a supervisor, manager, or boss of some sort. In the first paragraph, you should explain who you are and how you know the candidate. How long did you work with her and in what capacity? By explaining your relationship, you show that you’re qualified to give an honest assessment. If someone who feels like a relative stranger asks you to write a letter, you might consider declining or recommending someone else to write it. If you didn’t get to know the candidate’s work performance or only did so in a way completely unrelated to the new position, then you might not be able to provide a helpful letter of recommendation from employer to employee. The best letters are written by people who can speak to the candidate’s skills and accomplishments. Make sure to state clearly in the beginning of your letter who you are and why your opinion matters. #2: Customized to the New Position While you should speak to the candidate’s accomplishments in her past role, you should also show why she’d make a good fit in the next one. Even if the candidate’s making a career change, you can explain why she’ll be able to do well in the new industry. Here’s where open communication with the applicant is important. She should share the job description so you have a clear understanding of the position’s requirements. As the writer, you’re not expected to do much research on the new job. The candidate should provide you with everything you need to know to customize your letter. By drawing on this information, you can express confidence that the candidate will succeed in the new role. Then when the hiring manager reads your letter, she’ll feel reassured that the candidate would make a good fit. #3: Uses Specific Examples and Anecdotes Finally, and perhaps most importantly, your letter should provide specific examples about the candidate. Don’t just list adjectives like, â€Å"friendly, intelligent, and hard-working†; instead, present circumstances in which the candidate demonstrated those qualities. To borrow a favorite phrase of English teachers, â€Å"show, don’t just tell.† Not only will examples point to the value the candidate brought to your organization or company, but they’ll also paint a picture of how she works in day-to-day operations. Using two to three specific anecdotes in your letter will boost its level of persuasiveness. It will also sidestep a common rec letter trap: becoming a generic list of cliches. Just as you should only write a recommendation letter if you feel qualified to assess the candidate, you should also only write it if you can provide a great one. While you don’t want to go over the top and sound insincere, your letter should be a strongly positive endorsement. Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today: Sample Recommendation Letters As you read through the nine free job recommendation letters below, notice how they all share the three key features described above, even though they differ in terms of their source and target audience. Below are nine sample recommendation letters, each followed by an analysis of what it does well! Sample Recommendation Letter 1: Written by a Direct Manager for a Full-Time Employee Sample Recommendation Letter 2: Written by a Principal for a Teacher Sample Recommendation Letter 3: Written by a Direct Manager for a Part-Time Employee Sample Recommendation Letter 4: Written by a Manager for a RemoteWorker Sample Recommendation Letter 5: Written by aSupervisor for an Internal Promotion Sample Recommendation Letter 6: Written by aSupervisor for a Student Intern Sample Recommendation Letter 7: Written by a Coworker Sample Recommendation Letter 8: Written by a Professor for a Former Student Sample Recommendation Letter 9: Written by a Friend as a Character Reference After checking out the above samples of recommendation letters, read on for some final thoughts onhow to write an excellent letter of recommendation for an employee, coworker, or friend. Now that you've got all the building blocks, you can put them together into a powerful letter of recommendation! Writing Strong Letters of Recommendation: Final Thoughts While the above samples of recommendation letters will help guide you through the letter writing process, they can’t look exactly like your final product. Writing a letter is a significant undertaking, as it requires you to customize your words to the candidate and make your letter unique. Even though the specifics will vary, strong letters of recommendation do have certain features in common.Each letter should... Use an Official Format The sample letters show the proper format for a recommendation letter. They have the employer’s name, position, company, and company’s address at the top. To give one example, here's the header for recommendation letter sample #1: Ms. Greta JohanssenSales ManagerStreambase Corp.66 Western BoulevardSanta Fe, New Mexico 87500 You should also use official letterhead that has your name and contact information across the top, in whatever way you've chosen to present it. Each letter is addressed to a specific person, a greeting that’s more personal than, â€Å"Dear Hiring Manager.† Typically, paragraphs are single-spaced with a double space in between each one. Finally, every letter concludes with an invitation to contact the writer for any further information. Then the writer may include her position, company, phone number, and email below her name. Start with a Strong Opener The strongest letters start out with an immediate statement of support. They might say, â€Å"It’s my honor,† â€Å"It’s my pleasure,† or â€Å"I’m very pleased to provide this letter of recommendation for Joe.† Stating the obvious with a sentence like, â€Å"I’m writing to recommend Joe,† looks weak beside a more enthusiastic opener. In the first paragraph, explain who you are and why you’re qualified to recommend the candidate. Write a line or two of praise about her professional and personal strengths, perhaps with a summary of the main points you’ll present in the rest of the letter. Include Two to Three Specific Examples As mentioned above, strong letters typically include two to three body paragraphs with specific anecdotes about the candidate. They don’t just describe the applicant’s great qualities and accomplishments; they give examples and prove to her prospective employer that she’s made achievements in the past that predict future success. You might talk about a project or responsibility of the applicant or the value she’s brought to your company. Consider relevant qualities like flexibility, initiative, leadership, growth, collaboration, interpersonal skills, and/or ability to perform within a certain environment or culture. To Sum Up... Depending on your relationship with the candidate, you might focus more on her work performance or personal character in your recommendation letter. An employer will focus more heavily on professional skills while a coworker may add personal qualities. A friend or neighbor providing a character reference would produce the most personal letter. It falls upon the candidate to choose her recommenders wisely and to share any relevant information about the prospective position to help them write the best letter they can. As long as you incorporate the key features discussed above and take the time to make your letter positive and specific, you’ll provide a strong recommendation letter that will help your employee, colleague, or friend get hired. And who knows - perhaps in a year or two, she’ll be writing a recommendation letter for you! What's Next? Are you tasked with writing a recommendation letter for a student applying to college? If so, check out these samples of recommendation letters from teachers and counselors, along with additional writing tips and a thorough recommendation letter template! 4 Amazing Samples of Recommendation Letters from Teachers Should You Move to a State with No Income Taxes 3 Examples of Excellent Recommendation Letters from Counselors Complete Guide: Writing a Strong Letter of Recommendation Unsecured Credit Cards for Those with Bad Credit A Great College Recommendation Letter Template Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today:

Law and Ethics of At-Will Employment Research Paper

Law and Ethics of At-Will Employment - Research Paper Example We will deep-dive into the law and evaluate the ethical implications of the law. Introduction to the law The at-will-employment law in USA states that the contract of employment between an employer and employee can be terminated by either of the two parties at any point of time for any specific reason. This implies that the employee can resign from the job without any contractual obligations to the employer and the employer can separate the employee without any obligations post the separation. Because of the nature of the contract, its duration is a moment and it is renewed from every moment to moment. History The law of at-will-employment finds its beginning in the late nineteenth century. Untill that time, most of the workers in US were employed in the agricultural sector and were appointed for particular harvesting season. During that time, the workers were subjected to work for a particular master for the entire season. Workers who leave their jobs before the end of the term will have to forgo their wages for the period that they worked. Although there was no specified term for the duration of contract, the same will be implied by the courts. This was termed as the entire-contract doctrine. The entire-contract doctrine led to high income insecurity amongst the unskilled workers. With the advancement of technology and growth of production in masses and manufacturing plants, majority of the workers shifted from agricultural sector to the industrial sector. Workers in this sector were hired for the indefinite period and therefore not subjected to the entire-contract doctrine. From 1880s, some of the courts started to view the employment contract as a contract that can be terminated by any of the party at any given point of time and any reason. This evolved as the at-will-employment law and became prominent in many states. Trends in At-will-employment doctrine The at-will-employment doctrine was favorable for the laborers as it removed the monetary insecurity a rising out of the entire-contract term. It meant that the workers were paid for the time they worked even if they quit or were separated. Because of the advantage to the workers and new theories in the field of human resource management, organization started to reorganize their workforce into ‘internal labor markets’ (Doeringer & Piore, 1971). According to this arrangement, the workforce was organized in the form of hierarchical levels where significant experience and training at a particular level provided the way for the level up. Organizations started to design policies centered on the employees so that they stay with the firm for a long duration. Employees were given advantages of fixed promotion cycles along with increasing pay. During the large part of twentieth century, at-will-employment along with the concept of ‘internal labor markets’ was the norm. Workers were further benefited from the presence of unions that were responsible for negotiation of contracts and contract terms. Beginning in the 1970s, many state courts started to impose restrictions on the employers regarding their right to lay-off employees. The courts started to impose tort liabilities on firms that were proved of making unjustified dismissals. Besides this, courts also started to incorporate tenets of good faith and fairness as a part of the employment co

Week 4 d1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Week 4 d1 - Essay Example The internet enables them to save on both their expenses, for example, telephone charges and time that place them at a position to be more productive (Mitchell, 2014). In addition, the use of internet has enhanced effective communication and sharing of information. Networking and chiefly provision of internet access allow sites to communicate with the people in a corporation in ways, which were not available before the development of technology. The effective communication has ultimately resulted in success of their organizations. The ease in sharing information via the organizations network has also contributed to the proper management of the institutions. Resource sharing is another major advantage. People from different organizations can share their ideology through both software and hardware resources which improve efficiency and facilitates collaboration among companies (Thomas OGuinn, 2011). One major disadvantage is the rise in data security problems. If the organizations networking information technologists fail to secure their network appropriately this may put the data at risk. The data is exposed to the potential complications linked to the unauthorized access, hackers and sabotage. Another disadvantage is undesirable sharing. With the good comes the bad; whereas networking enables the ease in sharing of relevant information, it at times enhance the sharing of data that is undesirable. The commonly shared problem is the viruses from different sites to the organizations network crashing it. The process of mitigation of such effects tends to be expensive and time- consuming (Charles,

Global Recession And Its Impact On Organizations Essay

Global Recession And Its Impact On Organizations - Essay Example Motor vehicle industry was one of the worst hit by the crisis. Some firms such as the General Motors in the US had to shut down some of its branches. According to Dullien, Herr, and Kellermann (2009), Organizations have been affected heavily by the world economic crisis. This has seen the organizations lose key players in the industry. Some firms have been forced to close down due to reduced sales. Epstein, Grabel, and Jomo (2004) give an example is the motor industry sector that recorded a decrease in sales compelling some firms to minimize branches. This other than low-profit margins result from the economic crisis which boils down to individuals rather than organizations alone. The effects of economic recession extended all over the world with the most vulnerable being the gas exporters to the United States. According to Flassbeck and Spiecker (2007), this owes to reduced trade levels such as real estate and gas and banking sector. The banks in the US decided to reduce loans available for individuals due to lack of confidence in the assets that they own. According to Ratha, and Xu (2007), what followed was panic and mistrust development in organizations. G-20 (2009) argues that the governments of affected states have made effort in making sure that corrective mechanisms are implemented with mitigation measures put in place KEA (2006) has details of organizations worst hit by the recession includes the large incorporate houses in the United Arabs Emirates where real estate sector became a victim of the circumstances. Construction and value chain were sectors that were no exemption from the crisis. ECA and APF (2008) demonstrate that tourism and hospitality recorded a significant level of reduced customers as compared to the previous years.

Marcellus Shale drilling in PA and its effect on the environment Essay

Marcellus Shale drilling in PA and its effect on the environment - Essay Example Therefore, in order to evaluate a real situation of the natural gas drilling in Pennsylvania, it is necessary to consider the most critical points of the industry in detail. Basic facts about the Marcellus Shale If to take into account the following data: 1,500 Marcellus Shale gas wells are located in Pennsylvania and it is supposed that 35,000 to 50,000 more will be developed soon by 2030 (Halperin 2010, p. 17), there is a great prospect to extract huge amounts of natural gas, which may win over oil extraction in Saudi Arabia. Due to the fact that Marcellus drilling operations caused numerous accidents and numerous environmental hazards, it can be claimed that environmentally concerns in the state violate environmental protection laws. On the one hand, it is impossible to correlate economical and environmental concerns in this case, because the society would pay a too high price for natural gas extraction. This particular case is often considered with respect to environmental concer ns, because it is on-shore gas deposits in the world and contains a great potential being the largest fuel deposit helping to fill in the gap of the modern energy supply and remain independent from foreign energy resources. Environmental impact of the Marcellus Shale drilling There is no a single right idea defining the full extent of the local impacts from Marcellus Shale operations. Moreover, there is a need to consider this impact both at national and local levels. Of course, the proponents of gas extraction in Marcellus Shale claim that they act in compliance with environmental regulations and they take steps in order to satisfy the needs of the society and avoid economic destruction in the world. At the same time, their position is often supported by their compliance with environmental concerns. Currently, geologists underline that they have known about the natural gas resources of the Marcellus Shale formation for many years. On the one hand, massive gas exploration was consid ered to be too costly and complicated process and that is why only contemporaries try to embody this idea. Such technological advancement as specifically horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing enable modern engineers extracting natural gas beneath land. Possible environmental issues and community concerns about their health and many other issues have been raised in the discussion about potential environmental and community impacts caused by the drilling. Modern researches and studies are focused on water use and management concerns as well as the kind of the fluids used in the process of shell fracturing (Hiserodt, 2011). Horizontal drilling or hydraulic fracturing: the main choice is made between these two main areas. â€Å"The fact is that for hydraulic fracturing large volumes of water are needed. Therefore, it is supposed by the developers of the techniques implemented for hydraulic fracturing that large volumes of water are required for rocks fracturing and large amount of gas producing† (A Rush of Energy in Pennsylvania, 2011). Each well requires more than million gallons of water. It is

Debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debate - Research Paper Example This amounts to a gross violation of the established Military Rules of engagement, UN conventions and the International Criminal Law. In that context it will be really practical to back such claims with available and authentic statistics. As per the statistics provided by B’Tselem, the Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, an organization, which is very careful and meticulous about the violation of human rights in the occupied territories, since September, 2000, Israeli security forces have killed almost 1,463 Palestinian children in the occupied territories (Online). A large proportion of these children were killed by the Israelis while pursuing normal day to day activities like while playing, going to school, being at home, etc. (B’Tselem: Online). Also, more than fifty percent of these Palestinian children got killed as a direct result of the Israeli air and ground offensives and owing to indiscriminate firing by the Israeli forces. Also as per B’Tselem, in the same time period, Israeli forces deployed in the occupied territories killed almost 6379 Palestinians, of which 6359 Palestinians were killed on their own land (Online). Most of these victims were no way directly engaged in conflict with the Israeli forces and were unarmed.

Do Problems Exist In The Present U.S Electoral System Essay Example for Free

Do Problems Exist In The Present U.S Electoral System Essay The US presidential electoral system is in effect a two-stage decision system. In the first stage, the voters from every state elect a certain number of members of electoral college, who are pledged, de facto if not de jure, to vote for a certain candidate. In the second stage, the Electoral College elects the president. Let us try to evaluate the process critically as briefly as possible. Under Article Two of the United States Constitution, as amended by the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, an Electoral College will elect the president. These electors are appointed by mechanisms chosen by each states legislature (prevailingly, by popular vote of the voters of each state). The individual who receives a majority of votes for president — 270 votes are needed for a majority — will be the president-elect of the United States; and the individual who receives a majority of electoral votes for vice president will be the vice president-elect of the United States. PRIMARY OR CAUCUS To start with, there were about 7 or 8 candidates for both the Republican Party (George W. Bushs party) and the same number for the Democratic Party (Hilarys party). So right now the US is in the primary election mode. Primary elections or caucus (that is what Iowa is called) is important because they will help eliminate candidates in both parties. The primary’s results are by the actual popular vote (if Hilary gets 20 votes and Obama gets 25 he would win that primary). However, a serious problem arises here. There are MANY valid political viewpoints, but you can only choose between two candidates. The primaries are the real election. A viable multi-party election system would be better. Of course, there are issues, but they are workable problems. ELECTORAL COLLEGE AND THE PROBLEM When you vote for a presidential candidate you are really voting to instruct the electors from your state to cast their votes for the same candidate. For example, if you vote for the Republican candidate, you are really voting for an elector who will be pledged to vote for the Republican candidate. The candidate who wins the popular vote in a state wins all the pledged votes of the states electors. Critics of the Electoral College system, of which there are more than a few, point out that the system allows the possibility of a candidate actually losing the nationwide popular vote, but being elected president by the electoral vote. Can that happen? Yes, and it has. AN ELABORATE PROCESS The United States is apparently unique among the worlds democracies in how the political parties determine the presidential nominee. The national political parties act like the owners of a franchise (the brand); state parties then operate within a set of national standards or guidelines. Violate those and you could lose your delegates, just ask the Florida Democratic party (the fourth most populous state in the country). Some states have primaries; others, caucuses. Some are open to all, regardless of party; others are closed to only those voters who have officially declared a party affiliation, noted on their voter registration cards. One might argue that this is federalism at its finest. The use of voting apparatus that mimics November elections, however, muddies the (separate) waters of nomination and election. References †¢ How the US electoral system works. http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article3108011. ec †¢ US election issues. http://search. ft. com/ftArticle? queryText=us+election+systemaje=falseid=080101000130ct=0nclick_check=1 †¢ US political system and voting. http://usgovinfo. about. com/od/thepoliticalsystem/US_Political_System_and _Voting. htm †¢ Problems abound in the election system. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/articl

Brainstorming Six Thinking Hats Communications Essay

Brainstorming Six Thinking Hats Communications Essay Brainstorming is one of the best-known techniques for producing fresh ideas and approaching problems from innovative new angles. Brainstorming sessions are best done in small groups; participants are asked to leave their inner critic at the door and come up with the zaniest ideas possible. This challenge is based on a tool created by famous ‘lateral thinker Edward de Bono to improve decision making skills. The Six Thinking Hats technique is particularly useful for group brainstorming as it emphasises ‘what if? thinking rather than ‘what is assumptions. People or groups often tend to follow certain fixed ways of thinking. This technique involves looking at a problem or issue from a number of different perspectives, each represented by a different coloured hat, and giving each one equal weighting in a discussion. White hat (= objective) When you wear this hat, you focus on available information to see what you can learn from it. You try to fill any gaps in your knowledge. This is where you analyse past trends and extrapolate from historical data. Red hat (= emotions, feelings) When you wear the red hat you use intuition, gut reaction and emotion to respond to an issue or idea. You also try to think how other people will react emotionally to the issue, and try to understand their intuitive responses. Black hat (= negatives, points of caution) When you wear the black hat you are the pessimist. You are cautious and critical and try to find reasons that things will not work. Its a useful perspective, since it highlights any weak points in a plan and enables you to either eliminate them, or prepare measures to counter problems should they arise. Black hat thinking makes plans more resilient. Yellow hat (= positive focus) The yellow hat is the positive thinking hat. When you wear this hat you seek harmony; its optimistic viewpoint enables you to see the value, benefits and further opportunities in a plan. Yellow hat thinking helps you keep going when everything looks gloomy and difficult. Green hat (= generates new ideas or concepts) The green hat stands for creativity. Its mood is provocative, experimental, and explorative. Wear it to playfully spin ideas free of any judgement or criticism. Blue hat (= defines focus, control of thinking) The blue hat stands for process control. It sees the big picture. Wear this hat to chair a meeting, or to bring any of the other processes /thinking approaches [?] to order. During a typical Six Hats session you will flip between different hat ‘modes: when ideas are slow in coming youll try green hat thinking; when the mood gets too pessimistic, switch to yellow hat thinking; when contingency planning is needed, put on your black hat, and so on. 3 How to Play 3.a Game Instructions The six animals on the right-hand riverbank are desperately looking for their thinking caps, which the wind has cheekily deposited on the left bank. Send the hats back to their respective owners by following the 6 ways of thinking, one at a time, all the way through from the left to the right. To start, you will be presented with a challenge question. To accept, click on one of the hats. You will then be presented with 3 phrases pertaining to the challenge. Choose the one that best represents the hat you chose. If you choose correctly, 3 more phrases will appear. Continue clicking on the most appropriate phrase until the hat reaches its owner, then click on another hat and repeat the process until you have sent all the hats back to their owners. 3.b Game Rules Once you have clicked on a phrase, there is no turning back. Points will either be deducted for a wrong answer or added for a correct answer. The game is over when all the hats reach their owners; your end score will be tallied up and expressed as a percentage. 3.c Game tips Think before you click! Familiarise yourself with the six different ways of thinking before you start. You might want to read through the introduction text a few times until you are sure of your colour qualities.* see note at end I agree with note (also see my comment up-front), so we have to resolve how to best deal with this The tips at the end of the game will also give you some pointers on how best to brainstorm. 4 Start Screen text Choose one of the hats to start the game. Remember, you have to stick to one way of thinking until you reach the opposite riverbank. 5 Challenge Q: How can we best ensure that group brainstorming sessions are effective? 5.1 White hat 5.1.1 White Group 1 5.1.1.1 Naturally one should start at the beginning, by defining a clear purpose and goal for the session. 5.1.1. 2 Do you have to be so pedantic? Thoughts should just flow freely! 5.1.1.3 Hat 2, be careful not to patronise! As a starting point Hat 1 is right chances of success are greater if the goal is clearly defined. Thereafter we can go wild. 5.1.2 White Group 2 5.1.2.1 Do you guys mind if I make an urgent call? Im planning a surprise party for my best friend and the caterers have a crisis. 5.1.2.2 Interruptions break the flow of brainstorming sessions. 5.1.2.3 Im sure your crisis will work itself out while we work together to find a best practice recipe for brainstorming! 5.1.3 White Group 3 5.1.3.1 Research shows that people talk more freely when theyve had an alcoholic beverage. 5.1.3.2 Now thats an idea! Looking around the room, I can see that we all need to unwind a bit. 5.1.3.3 Fair enough, we can take a five-minute comfort break. 5.1.4 White Group 4 5.1.4.1 I know! Lets play a game to wake up our tired old brains? 5.1.4.2 Crazy as that sounds, it is not a bad idea! I am making a note of it. 5.1.4.3 This has proved to be a successful technique in the past. 5.1.5 White Group 5 5.1.5.1 What about the participants? Any guidelines as to who should be in the session? 5.1.5.2 The group should be varied different people with different skills will bring more variety to the table. 5.1.5.3 Everyone should respect each others opinions. 5.2 Red hat 5.2.1 Red Group 1 5.2.1.1 I doubt well find a workable solution to this problem. 5.2.1.2 Dont be so pessimistic! If we put our heads together, we can come up with hundreds of ideas! 5.2.1.3 I feel like you are putting a damper on everyones mood. 5.2.2 Red Group 2 5.2.2.1 My gut tells me when Im generating a good creative idea. 5.2.2 2 Well, I try to always see the silver lining. 5.2.2.3 Point noted. Who else wants to share a thought? 5.2.3 Red Group 3 5.2.3.1 Heres a thought: how about having the session in a hot air balloon so we can see it from a different perspective? 5.2.3.2 Nobody has time for that! 5.2.3.3 Some people might be a bit nervous up there, but I love the idea! It is so bold! 5.2.4 Red Group 4 5.2.4.1 Here are some pens and paper. We are going to do a mind mapping exercise to enrich the session. 5.2.4.2 Oh goodie! This reminds me of my primary school days! All children are unselfconsciously creative. 5.2.4.3 Do we have to do this? Seems a bit childish. 5.2.5 Red Group 5 5.2.5.1 This is so much fun! And therapeutic too! 5.2.5.2 I agree, we should do this more often. Look at all the ideas weve generated in just 5 minutes! 5.2.5.3 Well done everybody! You have all come up with some great ideas. 5.3 Black hat 5.3.1 Black Group 1 5.3.1.1 Group brainstorming sessions are successful when the facilitator encourages outrageous thinking. 5.3.1.2 I dont agree. Some ideas are too crazy to even consider. What is the point if you cannot implement it? 5.3.1.3 Although Hat 2 has a point, we can focus on practicalities later. For now, letÊÂ ¼s go with Hat 1ÊÂ ¼s suggestion. 5.3.2 Black Group 2 5.3.2.1 People need to feel that their opinions count. There should be lots of encouragement and praise! 5.3.2.2 Also, dont forget what lessons were learnt from past brainstorming sessions. 5.3.2.3 People will never talk freely and openly if the facilitator is high up in the corporate hierarchy. Theyll just feel intimidated. 5.3.3 Black Group 3 5.3.3.1 We are bound to get some good ideas if we get hundreds of people together to brainstorm! 5.3.3.2 Good luck selling that idea resources are stretched thin enough as it is. 5.3.3 3 Hang on a second Hat 2, Hat 1 leads us to a very important point bringing together a wide range of different people will generate a wide range of ideas. 5.3.4 Black Group 4 5.3.4.1 The problem with group brainstorming sessions is that the subject is usually too vaguely phrased. 5.3.4.2 Indeed, Hat 1 makes a good point. Looking back on our past sessions, that was the main reason for a lack of workable ideas. 5.3.4.3 Luckily this was not the case today, so letÊÂ ¼s take note of that and turn our focus to the best environment to have group brainstorming sessions in. Anyone? 5.3.5 Black Group 5 5.3.5.1 Food and drink always makes me feel more relaxed and open. We should be as comfortable as possible and take many breaks. 5.3.5.2 In a pool! Or at a sporting event. Or how about hiring a taxi and going on a group brainstorming road trip?! 5.3.5.3 The main problem is the interruptions. It is so frustrating! Just switch off your cellphone! Ask not to be interrupted. Why cant we get this right? 5.4 Yellow hat 5.4.1 Yellow Group 1 5.4.1.1 Who wants to volunteer an idea? 5.4.1.2 My gut says if we could somehow get people in a good mood, the ideas will flow. 5.4.1.3 Happy people are more creative and more productive, so your statement makes perfect logical sense. 5.4.2 Yellow Group 2 5.4.2.1 Ive got plenty of ideas on how we can do that! Like, why not play soothing music in the background to put everybody in a kind of meditative state. 5.4.2.2 What a lovely idea! Just as long as we make sure everybody agrees on what music will be played. 5.4.2.3 Are you kidding me? It is the dumbest idea I have heard in my life! 5.4.3 Yellow Group 3 5.4.3.1Dont be so quick to judge. People love to work together for a common cause. 5.4.3.2 Improving your analysing and strategic thinking helps your bottom line and were all striving towards that goal. 5.4.3.3 Good point! Let take some time to think about how successful brainstorming can affect our bottom line. 5.4.4 Yellow Group 4 5.4.4.1 It cant. Ideas generated in brainstorming sessions are just wishful thinking. 5.4.4.2 I beg to differ we have done it before and we can definitely do it again! 5.4.4.3 Indeed, last years brainstorming session resulted in the company producing an exciting new product. 5.4.5 Yellow Group 5 5.4.5.1 Heres another example: when legislation changed in an African country, we brainstormed options for expanding there today its one of our biggest markets. 5.4.5.2 Stories like that give me goosebumps! 5.4.5.3 That is valuable knowledge! We should compile a list of these success stories to get tips on why they were successful and to inspire similar thinking as we move forward. 5.5 Green hat 5.5.1 Green Group 1 5.5.1.1 If its okay with everybody, Id like to sing a song this topic reminds me of. Then we make up our own words as we go along. 5.5.1.2 Do you have any marbles left? This is a business meeting! 5.5.1.3 No, it is a great idea! As long as it is not a lullaby. Hat 1, you may proceed. 5.5.2 Green Group 2 5.5.2.1 Ill tell a joke instead so as not to offend anybody with my singing. How do you eat an elephant? 5.5.2.2 I know the answer to this one! 5.5.2.3 That is repulsive! Humans should not be allowed to eat elephants! 5.5.3 Green Group 3 5.5.3.1 If you were starving and it was the only thing left to eat except your own leg, would you change your mind? 5.5.3.2 Im sure it is just a metaphor. If the answer has bearing on this discussion, please share it with us. If not, we have to move on. 5.5.3.3 But it does! The answer is ‘bite by bite just like we are doing now ‘idea by idea. I brought sweets so the next good idea gets a treat! 5.5.4 Green Group 4 5.5.4.1 Or we can play that game where we start with one person saying a word, like ‘success, and everybody has to say one related word, and on to the next, faster and faster till we see where we end up! 5.5.4.2 No way! I dont see the value in a rambling session like that. We should just use our critical judgement to weed out the impossible ideas. 5.5.4.3 That game sounds like fun! We use criticism far too often as our default line of thinking. Lets expand our brains a bit. You can start, Ill write everything down if I can keep up! 5.5.5 Green Group 5 5.5.5.1 Brainstorming. 5.5.5.2 Clairvoyance. 5.5.5.3 Clarity. 5.6 Blue hat 5.6.1 Blue Group 1 5.6.1.1 Before we proceed, can we get a comfort break soon? 5.6.1.2 Yes. Lets have it now, so that we dont have to interrupt the flow of thinking once were on a roll. 5.6.1.3 We should actually record the session so that you dont have to worry about keeping notes. 5.6.2 Blue Group 2 5.6.2.1 That meeting we had this morning was so unproductive! 5.6.2.2 And boring! I was twiddling my thumbs for the first hour and a half! 5.6.2.3 Sounds like you guys have had a rough day. Lets brighten things up now by having some fun and solving this conundrum! 5.6.3 Blue Group 3 5.6.3.1 Can we hurry this up? Ive got a heap of admin waiting on my desk. 5.6.3.2 Sure, I would like us to all think about three emotional factors related to this topic. 5.6.3.3 Comfort, respect and encouragement. 5.6.4 Blue Group 4 5.6.4.1 That is a very important point! Encouragement will make people feel proud of themselves and therefore more willing to participate. 5.6.4 2 Listen, Im not lying just to make someone feel all warm and fuzzy inside. 5.6.4.3 We hear you Mr Cranky! You have my permission to keep quiet rather than faking praise. 5.6.5 Blue Group 5 5.6.5.1 Lets accommodate indulge Mr Cranky over here and explore the negative aspects which impact on brainstorming sessions. 5.6.5.2 Critical thinking? 5.6.5.3 Ha-ha, very funny. 6 Game end and Score 6.1 A perfect score!! 100% 6.2 Well done! Good score! 90%-100% 6.3 Not bad, but there is room for improvement. Try again. 70%-90% 6.4 Oops! You would do well to try and better your score. Below 70% 7. Tips for ensuring a successful brainstorming session 7.1 Choose an appropriate environment where you wont be disturbed. Somewhere outdoors or away from the office is best as it takes people out of their regular daily mode of thinking. 7.2 Have a mixed group of participants. Include participants from varied backgrounds or departments, rather than people who have similar backgrounds or specialties. It allows for a far wider range of creative ideas 7.3 Assign a facilitator to lead the group and take notes. The person should be enthusiastic and able to both encourage chaos and bring it to order when necessary. The facilitator does not usually contribute ideas, but rather directs the session. (If the facilitator works in the same company, make sure he/she is not of a much higher rank post grade than the participants, as this can make them reluctant to propose unorthodox ideas.) 7.4 Warm up the group. Start with a quick discussion on a ‘nonsense topic, like ‘think of five ways to improve a cow, if you had a magic wand what would you change, your favourite quotation. This gets thoughts flowing and sets the scene for a fun creative and dynamic session. 7.5 Now state your aim clearly. If you do not phrase your starting question correctly, you could end up with myriad ideas that do not actually solve the problem. Vague challenge statements encourage vague thinking, so make sure you clearly define the criteria of the issue to be brainstormed. 7.6 Write all ideas out in public view. Every participant should be able to see all the information all the time. A white board or flipchart is best for this. Once the ideas are up on the wall the whole group owns them and can add or expand on any one of them. 7.7 Encourage participation. Emphasise that the session is a non-judgmental environment you wont get great ideas if people are too scared to contribute, so no criticism allowed. 7.8 Make sure all ideas get equal weight. Stick to this rule no matter how silly or off-the-wall the ideas might appear. 7.9 Keep the discussion focused on the issue. A skilful facilitator will keep any one idea from taking up too much discussion time. 7.10 Set a time to reconvene. Once people have had a time to go away and ‘digest the session, call another meeting to sort through all the ideas and select the most appropriate ones. This can be done by group consensus or voting.