Diabetes Mellitus Long Term Damage - 1144 Words

Introduction The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs (1). There are two main types of diabetes (2-6); Type 1 diabetes (T1B) usually develops in childhood and adolescence and patients require lifelong insulin injections for survival. Type 2 diabetes (T2B) usually develops in adulthood and is related to obesity, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diets. This is the more common type of diabetes (representing 90% of diabetic cases worldwide) and treatment may involve lifestyle changes and weight loss alone, or oral medications or even insulin injections. Both main types of Diabetes are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors (4). However, there are other rare forms of diabetes that are directly inherited. These include maturity onset diabetes in the young (MODY), and diabetes due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA (7). In type 1 diabetes, the cause is an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. Individuals at increased risk of developing this type of diabetes can often be identified by serological evidence of an autoimmune pathologic process occurring in the pancreatic islets and by genetic markers (8). In the other, much more prevalentShow MoreRelatedEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1381 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body has the inability to produce insulin or react normally to insulin. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is extremely complex, as diabetes mellitus is characterized by different types but share common symptoms and complications. Diabetes mellitus is classified in two types: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although the disease is characterized by different etiologiesRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : The Most Common Disorder Of The Endocrine System957 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Mellitus stems from the Greek word diabetes, which means to siphon, or to pass through. Mellitus is Latin for sweet or honeyed. Diabetes Mellitus is the most common disorder of the Endocrine System. The pancreas is an organ behind the stomach that produces a hormone called insulin. When this happens, our liver compensates by increasing glucose production from amino acids and glycogen causing hyperglycemia. There are different types of diabetes; however, this paper strictly focuses on TypeRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Major Public Health Problem Worldwide Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus has increased in recent years due to bad eating habits and inactivity. Diabetes Mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. Improved testing accuracy has improved which has confirmed more cases. There are two types of diabetes. In this paper I will explain the differences in both types of Diabetes and complications that are commonly associated with this disease, as well as treatment and plan of care for this disease. (American Medical Association) Type I DiabetesRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus And Diabetes1738 Words   |  7 PagesDIABETES MELLITUS 1 Emily Marroquin MED 2056 Diabetes Mellitus Instructor Michela Leytham 12/3/14 DIABETES MELLITUS 2 In 2012 29.1 million Americans had diabetes of those 29.1 million, 21.0 million were diagnosed and 8.1 million were undiagnosed. What isRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1390 Words   |  6 PagesFTVN036 Diabetes Mellitus Ms. Evelyn Sadsad August 21, 2015 As America’s 7th leading cause of death, Diabetes is steadily rising as a consequential result to the contagious sedentary lifestyle involving a very poor diet lacking in nutritional value and an increase in sugar or high fructose corn syrup. Many contributing risk factors are prevalent and attribute to the expanding number of the population who acquire diabetes. Signs and symptoms of Type I and Type II diabetes canRead MoreHigh Incidence Of Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe High Incidence of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Introduction Diabetes is a metabolic body condition in which the pancreas is unable to secrete enough insulin, hence leading to increased levels of blood sugar. Age, genetics, weight and ethnicity are the four main risk factors of Type 2 diabetes. Common symptoms include frequent urination, persistent fatigue, slow healing process for cuts and wounds and blurred vision. Type 2 diabetes affects 1 out of 10 people in America, as research has concludedRead MoreA Study On Bias And Selection Bias987 Words   |  4 Pagesdata collection stage of investigations. It arises when there is intentional or unintentional differential recall and reporting of information about the exposure or outcome variable. In the study, recall bias can occur if people with type 1 diabetes mellitus remember or report their exposure (diet, duration of virsus) differently. With cohort studies diseased participants are more or less likely to recall prior exposures than not diseased individuals. Recall bias impacts the study sin ce it can biasRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Or Type 2 Diabetes1398 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters the blood circulation simulating the pancreasRead MoreEar Infection: Overview of Otitis Externa1152 Words   |  5 Pagescondition. â€Å"Rheumatoid Arthritis is the autoimmune inflammatory condition that involves an immune response to the synovial membrane, causing synovitis. Proteins are released at the site or where the joint inflammation is. This eventually causes damage to the cartilage, bone, tendons, and ligaments of the affected joint. This eventually causes the joint to lose its shape and alignment, causing deformity and great pain. It is believed that the disease is triggered by an infection in people withRead MoreHealth Promotion For Age Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesAge-Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common health challenges world-wide, especially in older adults. In this paper, I am going to delve into how health promotion can be a significant factor in reducing the risks of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the aforementioned demographic. Through academic research and resources, in my first paragraph I will be providing the definition of Health Promotion and its importance for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. My second

Amish - 1568 Words

Running head: AMISH COMMUNITY 1 Amish Community Jennie Ong AMISH COMMUNITY 2 Abstract The Amish people are a community of individuals who hold their traditions of simple living, self-labor, and isolation very highly. Eastern parts of the United States as well as Canada are the most common areas where Amish communities are established. The group originated from Switzerland and received their name from their leader Jakob Ammann who, during the 18th century, led their immigration to Pennsylvania. Despite their customary values of seclusion, the Amish still experience the equal degrees of obstacles as any other organization may face. The Amish do not have the†¦show more content†¦As mentioned earlier, Amish people value their manual labor and traditions but with society intruding it affects the ways of the Amish community’s agriculture. Farming is a significant part of the community and if non-Amish people continue to expand where these people cultivate, it minimizes the living space of the Amish people. Industrialization is one of most difficul t problems that the Amish community faces. AMISH COMMUNITY 5 The Amish people try to avoid bringing attention to themselves, and are extremely cautious with the dangers of arrogance and self-worth. Tourism among the communities has increased and threatens the humble values that the people hold close to their culture. Non-Amish people are just so fascinated in the plain apparel they wear and the manner in which they interact with each other. Furthermore, the Amish people are just viewed as an attraction for people and the privacy of the community is not respected. Tourists flood the Amish communities in the hopes to catch a brief glimpse of the families working or children playing. In addition to the invasion of personal privacy, the increase in tourism opens their children to the materialistic mainstream of outside society. If the children get a glimpse of how the outside world interacts they may not want to stay and become baptized, making the future AmishShow MoreRelatedThe Amish767 Words   |  4 P agesThe Amish April 30, 2012 Ant 101 There are more than 250,000 Amish in the United States and Canada, the only places they live today. Most American’s view the Amish as backwards mainly because they shun the modern conveniences that most of us take advantage of on a daily basis. The Amish have a very rigid belief system –they believe that their religious faith and the way they live is inseparable and interdependent they do not consider it to be a lifestyle choice. The Amish was originated inRead MoreAmish1112 Words   |  5 PagesAmish Life Style The Amish live a different life style than we do. A lot of people misunderstand the way they live their life in rural communities. They think that the Amish live an old fashioned life and fear the real world. All they want to do is help their community every way they can. Each fellowship is broken down into districts where they live independently by rules their community agrees on. The rules consist of clothing requirements, color of buggies, household items, etc. There areRead MoreEssay on The Amish1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe Amish Both the Amish and the Mennonites were part of the early Anabaptist movement in Europe, which took place at the time of the Reformation. The Anabaptists believed that only adults who had confessed their faith should be baptized, and that they should remain separate from the larger society. Many of the early Anabaptists were put to death by both Catholics and Protestants, and many others fled to the mountains of Switzerland and southern Germany. Then began the Amish tradition of farmingRead MoreAmish Culture1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe Amish Culture The Amish are a fascinating people. They live surrounded by cities full of technology. Yet they live without automobiles, electricity, and most modern comforts that are taken for granted by many. Donald Kraybill asks the question â€Å"How is it that a tradition-laden people who spurn electricity, computers, automobiles, and higher education are not merely surviving but are, in fact, thriving in the midst of modern life?† Though they do not have all of the technology that we takeRead More The Amish Essay2605 Words   |  11 Pages Kraybill, Donald. The Amish and the State. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. The Amish and the State is wrote with the intent to identify the cultural values and social organizations of the Amish order along with how the traditional values of the Amish counteracted with the modernity of the state. This book covers the most prominent aspects of the Amish order dating all the way back to their very existence during the Radical Reformation in the sixteenth century. It entitles one toRead MoreEssay The Amish Religion717 Words   |  3 PagesThe Amish religion is one of high standards. They strive to keep away from modernism and to keep the basic principles of their faith. The Amish live on their own and care for their own things without the help of outsiders. By isolating themselves from the modern world the Amish keep a strong faith. They have good values and try to continue showing those values through their children and grandchildren. The Amish believe in many of the same things that we as Catholics believe. They believe in theRead MoreThe Amish Community Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesTourists from all over the world are fascinated by the Amish community and make a point to visit places like Lancaster County, Pennsylvania in order to try to gain an understanding to the mysterious people who stay â€Å"behind closed doors.† They do nothing to attract attention, except for having a culture unique to the rest of society. They isolate themselves from the outside world and aim to live the simplest lifestyle possible. Their way of life revolves around complete obedience to God, church, andRead MoreThe Amish Essay example544 Words   |  3 Pagescentury, the Amish movement was founded in Europe at the time of the Protestant Reformation. They are derived from a group impatient with the pace of reform in the existing churches. One of the main issues is baptism. A group of Anabaptists practise adult baptism. Relig ion is the basis of Amish life. They believe they must obey God at all times. To the Amish family, life is highly valued. Like other aspects of Amish life, it conforms to traditional attitudes and values. Courtship to the Amish is usuallyRead MoreThe Amish, Society and Culture1535 Words   |  7 PagesCase study/Cross Cultural Comparison The Amish is a group of traditionalist Christians that rely on simple living, plain dress and refuse to adapt to modern technology. The history of the Amish started in Switzerland in 1693 led by Jakob Amman. Today majority of the traditional descendants of the Amish live in Pennsylvania and Ohio. Family In an average Amish family it consist of, a mother, father with an average of 7 children. Their grandparents play a vital part of the family because onceRead MoreThe Amish Culture And Subcultures1522 Words   |  7 PagesSubcultures is a cultural group within a larger group. That have different interest and beliefs. than those of the larger group. The Amish,Mormon and the Jehovah witnesses are among the few strangest subcultures. These subcultural groups are the strangest because of their style,beliefs and hobbies. That separate these subcultures from any other Christian denomination. The Amish have certain beliefs that separate them from other Christian denominations. The bible influences their idea of the way they should

Discovering Diversity Project By Amin And Holmes - 1608 Words

Discovering Diversity Project This experience was specifically chosen as a mechanism to better understanding dementia in all its facets following the loss of an uncle, who I later found was diagnosed with the disorder. As described by Amin and Holmes (2016) dementia is a general term for a range of progressive organic brain diseases characterized by problems of short-term memory and other cognitive deficits and is often a consequence of processes that result in the aberrant polymerization of proteins (p. 687). From an academic and biological perspective, this information is extremely fascinating, however I rarely considered the faces behind the disorder and as such experienced something akin to a sudden bereavement following my uncle s†¦show more content†¦Unpredictable movements and vocalizations frightened and pushed me from my comfort zone, yet cooperating with an interdisciplinary team provided invaluable practical experience and a chance to learn appropriate care for t hose in vulnerable positions. Accordingly, two individuals made a major difference in my experience. The first was JP Hermano, the volunteer coordinator, who assisted me greatly by providing numerous seminars and training sessions to help me understand and become comfortable with dementia. The second was Alle Choi, the head dietician, and she helped to teach more of the practical and scientific aspects, such as the theory behind good feeding practices and potential warning signs to watch for with diagnosed individuals. Evidence of Discovered Diversity Since starting in February of 2016 I’ve had a clash of ideas concerning senior home care. One the one hand they provide many of life’s necessities, such as companionship, sustenance, and medical care but on the other it greatly diminishes individual autonomy and freedom to do many of the things an individual may love. Consequently, it was not until Diversity in Learning that I began to make connections to my discomforts towards senior homes. These discomforts stemmed from two social justice concepts: Privilege and discrimination, specifically ableism. I will preface by saying that while I understand the necessity for control and oversight, one of the things that irked me most about my volunteering

Analysis Of The Play Trifles And A Doll House

Motives Women in the early nineteen hundreds were not thought of as important as a man. The role of the woman was to stay home and perform household duties such as, caring for the children and the home. The role of the man was to work and speak for the family. The dramas â€Å"Trifles† and â€Å"A Doll House†, show how two women will commit a crime at all cost and somehow contrast with each other. Trifle is a word which is used to describe something with little importance or value. According to Suzy Clarkson Holstein, â€Å"SUSAN CLASPELL’S ‘TRIFLES’ is a deceptive play: deceptive because, like its title, it seems simple, almost inconsequential. Yet the play represents a profound conflict between two models of perception and behavior† (Holstein 282). In the play â€Å"Trifles†, Mrs. Wright is in the situation of being accused of murdering her husband. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters come upon a dead bird during the investigation and realize M rs. Wright may be guilty. In the play Mrs. Hale says, â€Å"I wonder how it would seem never to have had any children around. No, Wright wouldn’t like the bird- a thing that sang. She used to sing. He killed that too† (1.122). Mrs. Hale decides to hide the bird to protect Mrs. Wright, realizing the reason why she may have killed him. Mrs. Hale may have been motivated to commit the crime of hiding evidence because of the way the men belittled the women. In the play the Sheriff says, â€Å"They wonder if she was going to quilt it or just knot it† (1.73). As stated uponShow MoreRelatedA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreThe Role Of Women In The Doll House And Trifles1667 Words   |  7 Pagesgotten better for some women in recent years. Works like â€Å"The Doll House† by Henrik Ibsen and â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell have helped advance the idea of what roles women should play in society. In each play there are strong, female protagonists who, despite being oppressed by the societal rules against women, learn to rebel and fight for what they believe is right. While there are many similarities and differences between the plays, both challenge societies i dea on how women should act. WomenRead MoreEntrapment Of Household: Analysis Of â€Å"A Doll’S House†.1657 Words   |  7 PagesEntrapment of Household: Analysis of â€Å"A Doll’s House† The author of â€Å"A Doll’s House†, Henrik Ibsen was criticized for his controversial advocacy of moral and social reform by failing to respect the institution of marriage in his plays. A Doll’s House presents the aftermath of nineteenth-century patriarchal husbandry like those in Susan Glaspell’s play, â€Å"Trifles†. In many of the parlor plays of this era, female spectators reflect on their individual situations, revealing the unsatisfying natureRead MoreFinal Essay: English 1Bs Journey 1128 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish in its entirety can be simply described as author, biologist and physician, Lewis Thomas had once said, â€Å"We pass the word around; we ponder how the case is put by different people, we read the poetry; we meditate over the literature; we play the music; we change our minds; we reach an understanding. Society evolves this way, not by shouting each other down, but by the unique capacity of unique, individual human beings to comprehend each other† (Thomas 120). The impact literature can bringRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesfollowing cases: f l n r -go -lá » ¥ rather than h in words like afá »â€¹a rather than r in words like mmili ¤ rather than l in words like á » ¥nà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤ rather than h in words like ará » ¥ rather than -la in the perfect form rather than -rA in the neutral form market water house body With these differences, of course, go a host of lexical differences. It is hoped that comparison with other dialects will bring these to light. At the same time, it should be realized that not all the words included here are pure Onitsha

Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Sample Free Essays

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES FOREIGN STUDIES In its broadest sense, impeachment is the process by which public officials may be removed from office on the basis of their conduct. Strictly speaking, it is the decision by a legislature to accuse an official of one or more offenses that warrant removal according to constitutional standards. A vote to impeach then triggers a trial based on those charges. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Sample or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most famous impeachment proceedings have involved presidents, but every state has its own procedures. Most follow the federal model in general, but vary widely in their specifics. At the federal level, impeachment starts in the House of Representatives, where members may initiate resolutions to impeach a sitting president. The House Judiciary Committee decides if a resolution merits a formal impeachment inquiry. A simple majority vote in the full House can launch a formal inquiry. The House Judiciary Committee conducts an investigation to determine if allegations against a president warrant charges, or articles of impeachment. If a simple majority of the full House votes to charge a president with at least one article of impeachment, that indictment will move to the Senate for trial. At that point, the president has been â€Å"impeached† by the House. House members act as or appoint congressional prosecutors. The chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the trial in the Senate chamber. A two-thirds vote is required to convict and remove from office. The U. S. Constitution states that, â€Å"The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanours. † (Article II, Section  ). The House of Representatives has impeached two Presidents: Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton. Johnson was charged in 1868 with eight articles of impeachment, but was acquitted by a single vote in the Senate trial (depicted in the above engraving). Bill Clinton was charged with four articles of impeachment by the House in 1998, but was acquitted by the Senate early the next year. Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 before a final vote in the full House could send him to trial on three articles of impeachment. Each state constitution outlines a unique impeachment procedure, including variations on the list of impeachable offenses, protocol for an impeachment trial and the body responsible for an initial investigation. According to the Associated Press, seven governors in U. S. history have been removed from office following impeachment proceedings. The National Conference of State Legislatures said that a longer list would include states that have investigated governors for alleged offenses, voted to impeach a governor ahead of a trial, or held trials that resulted in acquittal. The only governor to be removed from office in the last 80 years was Gov. Evan Mecham of Arizona, who was convicted in 1988 of obstructing justice and misusing $80,000 in state money that he was charged with funnelling to his car dealership to keep it afloat. In January 2008, the Illinois House of Representatives voted 114-1 to impeach Gov. Rod Blagojevich for abuse of power in connection with the federal investigation that had led to his arrest the month before. Mr. Blagojevich was charged with trying to sell the Senate seat vacated by Barack Obama and with seeking to extort campaign contributions in return for official actions, including providing reimbursement to a hospital. Following the process that has been generally adopted by state legislatures in recent decades, the Illinois House created a special investigative committee, which made a recommendation in favor of impeachment to the entire body. In all states except Alaska, Nebraska and Oregon, the House votes on articles of impeachment ahead of a trial. In Alaska, the process is reversed, according to The Book of States. That state’s Senate must impeach a governor by voting on impeachment articles in order to initiate a trial in the House. Nebraska is the only state with a unicameral legislature. Without a state House, the Nebraska Senate votes to impeach before passing articles on to the state Supreme Court for a trial. Oregon is the only state without constitutional provisions for impeachment of a governor or other executive and judicial officers, according to the NCSL. Those officials may be removed from office, but not by the state’s legislature. State courts in Oregon may try public officials for criminal offenses, but the procedure depends upon the jurisdiction of a crime. LOCAL STUDIES Section 1, Article XI of the 1987 Constitution declares that â€Å"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and  lead modest lives. â€Å"   These words echo loud and clear today as our country’s leaders find themselves at the brink of conducting this constitutional process. Impeachment has been defined as a national inquest into the conduct of public men. It is a necessary safeguard to ensure that public officers have the moral fitness and integrity to fulfil their mandate. The provisions on impeachment are enshrined in Article XI of the 1987 Constitution. Under the Constitution only the following public officers may be impeached: The President, Vice-President, the Members of the Supreme Court, the Members of the Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman. This list of officers is exclusive. All other public officers and employees may be removed from office as provided by law, but not by impeachment. The grounds for impeachment are: culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust. These grounds are exclusive and offenses not falling within these parameters shall not be sufficient for impeachment purposes. The process begins at the House of Representatives, which has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment. A verified complaint must be filed by either a Member of the House of Representatives or by any citizen upon a resolution of endorsement by any Member thereof. Once the verified complaint has been filed it shall be included in the Order of Business within ten session days, and referred to the proper Committee within three session days thereafter. The Committee, after hearing, and by a majority vote of all its Members, shall submit its report to the House within sixty session days from such referral, together with the corresponding resolution. The resolution shall be calendared for consideration by the House within ten session days from receipt thereof. In the committee hearings, a vote of at least one-third of all the Members of the House shall be necessary either to affirm a favourable resolution with the Articles of Impeachment of the Committee, or override its contrary resolution. The vote of each Member shall be recorded. If however, the verified complaint or resolution of impeachment is filed by at least one-third of all the Members of the House, the same shall constitute the Articles of Impeachment, and trial by the Senate shall forthwith proceed. The Senate has the sole power of sole power to try and decide all cases of impeachment. When sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the Philippines is on trial, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside, but shall not vote. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate. The person impeached shall be  removed from office  and shall be  disqualified to hold any office under the Republic of the Philippines, but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to prosecution, trial, and punishment according to law. It is clear that the liability does not end at the Senate, the person impeached shall also be held for appropriate action as a result of his illegal and improper acts. How to cite Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Sample, Essay examples

Discovery Through Time free essay sample

Ten years from now I could almost be anything, ranging from those lost souls roaming the streets or the lost souls trapped in a cubicle. But my aspirations must always remain high, no matter the amount of darkness clouding my path. And these positions I want to acquire involve knowledge and entertainment and the marriage between the two. This is why I plan to pursue a career in journalism, so I do not have to rely on other people for my information. I realized what I wished to do with my life when the door to my mind and new ideas was opened as if by an over-eager SWAT team on an unwarranted search. The man who was a major proponent of the Hellenic invasion of the brain was Christopher Hitchens. Using his pen as a sword to cut through the veil of lies I had been told throughout my young life. We will write a custom essay sample on Discovery Through Time or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hitchens was the first person to explain how literature and argument is an effective tool to create change in the hearts and minds of people. He showed me that tough subjects could, in fact, be criticized with reason and that this logic and reasoning process can be applied to every aspect of life. I then began to learn and think more about my surroundings. Not only did this increase my mental aptitude, it allowed me to think for myself and not be affected by people who quite honestly were not my companion in the advancement of my future. I began to read. A new flower in my life started to bloom. It displayed its magnificent colors through novels, poetry, comedies, plays, articles, and various other texts that still plan to reveal themselves to me and reach out to my open heart and mind and suffocate them in eternal bliss. While I read as much as I can in my spare time it is art that allows me to appreciate what life gives and lets me know that I am not alone. The little things count. The laughter of a friend or the smile granted to you from a quiet angel. These are the things that are overlooked. I want to write, or rather, I must write. The need to express myself in a way through the written word was imperative. I wanted to be like my heroes were and to finally be free and true to myself. Whether or not this goal is within my reach is all up to how I work towards the end result, doing hard work out of passion. And trusting myself is as important if not more than the skeptical outlook that has more or less brought m e to this point. In the end what I desire is to be doing something I enjoy. The feeling of contributing to society in an entertaining and knowledgeable way shall stimulate my own narcissistic want for attention. And not only is seeing a smile on someone’s face what can give my whole day meaning; it is the thought of them learning something in the process. This is the reason for my choice of pursuing a career in journalism and my motivation to hone in whatever skills I have and light up the world.

Drug and Alcohol Policy at The Global Level

Question: Describe about the Drug and Alcohol Policy at The Global Level? Answer: The case scenario of Alex is one of the very common cases in the workplace legislation. It is mentioned that with passage of time Alex has got involved in the habits of drinking alcohol and such habits have led her to be quite a different person at her workplace. With reference to the given case of Alex, there are certain obligations as well as liabilities of the employers that is the school authority and Board members in context to abilities of Alex to perform her job. Emphasis is to be given on health as well as safety legislation (Stockwell, 2004). Development of alcohol and drug policy for the workplace: The higher school authority or the employer must along with the cooperation of employees and other staffs and representatives develop a written organizational policy upon alcohol as well as drugs at the workplace. At situations feasible, there must be proper development of effective policies in cooperation with that of medical experts as well as professionals who specifically deal with all problems related to drug and alcohol. Contents of drug alcohol policy: The policy that would be developed by the organizational management needs to include some important information such as measures to lessen alcohol or drug-related issues at the workplace by means of some effective personnel management, enhanced work conditions, effective employment practices, effective work arrangements, and also proper consultation amidst management as well as workers or their representatives (MANDERSON, 1999). There must be measures to restrict any kind of availability of such addictive substances within the school premises. The policy must include all kinds of measures related to identification as well as treatment or rehabilitation of staffs suffering from such issues. Rules must be prescribed that governs conduct at the workplace regarding such habits, and violation of which may lead to disciplinary procedures or even dismissal. As referred to the given case of Alex, the matter became worse due to the lack of such workplace policy related to drug or alcohol inta ke and problems. Initially, Alex used to be one of the most cooperative and effective staffs who delivered her best services in cooking to the primary school (Miller, 2005). However, with gradual passage of time it had been identified that her behavioral conducts and performances towards her organization worsened due to the lack of strict disciplinary measures. The organizational employer, employees, staffs and other representatives must jointly ascertain the impacts of drug as well as alcohol use within the school premises (Van De Voorde, Paauwe and Van Veldhoven, 2010). The organization is that of a primary school where children and kids come to acquire education. Their parents send them to school with the dream of becoming the most able person in life and brighten up their own lives. But, with such acts and occurrences within the school premise would be considered to be the most shameful acts that may harm the future of the children. Moreover, the environment would not be favorab le at all for young children to grow and gather educational learning. Thus, the school authority has a huge responsibility to take serious actions and measures with the context of such mentioned issue of Alex (Lexchin, 2012). Where indications exist that certain job conditions can contribute towards alcohol as well as drug issues, employers of the organization in cooperation with the employees and representatives must act reasonably and identify as well as take effective and preventive steps of remedial actions. Corporate Practices: The higher authority of the mentioned primary school must not formally or even informally support any kind of practices or behavior that incites, promotes or even facilitates the unwanted use of such addictive substances within the school premises. No staff of the organization must support such kind of activities within the premises (Rittle, 2015). Job placement of addicted staffs: When any employee or staff discloses any previous history of being engaged into drug or alcohol habits to the employer, immediately the employer must avoid exposing such an individual to any work condition similar to that in the past and that leading to serious problems. The habit of consuming alcohol or drug is simply illegal according to recent legislative changes. As highlighted in the given case scenario, the ultimate challenges within workplace arise when such intake becomes abusive or even depends upon addiction as well as dependence (Vassie, 2000). This inevitably leads to higher health expenses for illness, reduced productivity or performances, increased absenteeism, and more disability claims. These are to be noted by the school authority in this case. The conducts of Alex have become simply unacceptable with the school premise as not only she suffers badly but the staffs who work around her get affected passively. They lose concentration and interest in work in the long run (Hyde et al., 2013). The school authority bears a liability to consult Alex and other staffs who work with her in the same department and consider prohibiting Alex from consuming alcohol in workplaces or even arriving at the premise after consumption of alcohol. The employer needs to consider withdrawal alcohol for expense account reimbursement. The restriction must be applied to all the employees and staffs of the organization and the policy must be unbiased. Prevention through training programs: Education, knowledge and training sessions related to drug and alcohol consumption must be conducted for promoting safety as well as health at the workplace. These programs must be directed at every staff, and must contain information upon psychological as well as physical impacts of such habits (Miller, 2005). Training is essential in order to help the staffs with such habits as Alex. In this case, the employer of the organization had a liability to focus on the training session where Alex could have given adequate level of learning sessions and training by her supervisors and proper counseling would have been effective. This would have enforced Alex to quit the habit gradually. Models of workplace health promotion: Health promotion is considered to be the act of faith and must not be dismissed for any cause. The physical as well as mental well-being of employees at work is considered to the sheer responsibility of the employer which in this case is that of the school authority. Such promotional activities are sure to support as well as enhance health and safety within organization (Zheng et al., 2015). It is a common phenomenon that most employers view workplace stress as the key health-associated problem that they face, although very few policies exist to manage such situations. Most of the practices included the provision of formally written guidance and advice and not proactive interventions. As referred to in the given case scenario of Alex, she needs immediate care and concern of the organization (Anderson, 2006). It is to be recommended that Alex needs some kind of exposure to approaches that may enable her cope with the stress situations that she had been undergoing that made her get more and more addicted. Here it may be mentioned that some human resource management strategies exist to manage consumption of alcohol or stress by the fellow staffs like Alex within the workplace premises. There must be measures to restrict any kind of availability of such addictive substances within the school premises. The policy must include all kinds of measures related to identification as well as treatment or rehabilitation of staffs suffering from such issues (Bacchi, 2015). Rules must be prescribed that governs conduct at the workplace regarding such habits, and violation of which may lead to disciplinary procedures or even dismissal. Alex must be provided with formal session of treatment or recovery program that may include time period of after-care session that can act as crucial aspect of the process of assistance. When any experienced professional determines that a staff is effectively pursuing the process of treatment, or even successfully completed treatment, the staff as also in case of Alex, must be offered a transfer opportunity while returning to the previous position of organization. The employer needs to consider withdrawal alcohol for expense account reimbursement. The restriction must be applied to all the employees and staffs of the organization and the policy must be unbiased (D'Cruz and Noronha, 2010). Thus, the school authority has a huge respons ibility to take serious actions and measures with the context of such mentioned issue of Alex. Where indications exist that certain job conditions can contribute towards alcohol as well as drug issues, employers of the organization in cooperation with the employees and representatives must act reasonably and identify as well as take effective and preventive steps of remedial actions. Awareness program This approach generally involves the circulation of notes of guidance which helps in the promotion of awareness of the specific health advices or the targeted poster campaigns like that of HIV, smoking awareness and nutritious and healthy eating. Some of the employees or the employers can participate in the national initiatives or can also help in the promtion of wider health issues related campaigns (Hancock, 1996). The issues may include topics like that of no smoking day, or some broader aspects like look after your heart form of campaigns. The provision of health screening provides the employers to provide permanent or temporary reach towards the facilities which provide health screening. The screenings may include diseases like that of coronary heart diseases, diabetes, cholesterol screening, breast screening, prostate cancers, osteoporosis or other forms of cancers (Hill, 2003). Some specific forms of health specific initiatives or screening programmes can be held and supported by the employers for the provision of health education. The instructions may be in the form of class based instructions, or the use of clinics for the wellness of men and women, or awareness facilities (Zoellner, 2009). Risk analysis audits as part of the statutory obligations under the department of health and safety legislations or the employers can also raise the awareness of health issues in work practiceas a sign of good practice by the help of regular risk analysis or audits. The audits may include the physical working environments like the temperature, workstations or the lightings at the workplace as well as the psychological wellbeing or the potential source of the stress at workplace (Hughes, 2007). The increase in the number of policies that are being developed by the employers can be helpful on topics like health and safety. The topics may include smoking, alcohol, drug use, stress management, substance abuse, violence or bullying at workplace. Some of the employees have written it mainly for defensive reasons as the basis of design of proactive initiatives as well as workplace health interventions. Lifestyle change interventions In smoking cessation the employers may run some particular sessions which might be aimed at the employees who have the desire to stop smoking. The sessions may be in the form of formal presentations as well as in group support or monitoring. To manage stress among the employees individual or collective support from the trained counsellors for the employees who had a stressful workload or even due to changes in work load can be provided with self-management techniques or strategies. Some of the organisations also help to support, fund or sponsor employees so that they can have access to special support for alcohol or drug dependency. The support can also be provided by the line managers of the staff. Even if we leave aside the measures which are specifically designed for the purpose of addressing aspects of workplace stress, some of the organisations also provide supplementary support to the employees through the counselling and advice services (Hyde et al., 2013). The programmes related to employee assistance can be very generic in nature and are able to provide guidance on a range of issues, which might include personal or financial difficulties re3lated to family, childcare or legal problems. References Anderson, P. (2006). Drug And Alcohol Policy At The Global Level.Drug and Alcohol Review, 25(6), pp.485-487. Bacchi, C. (2015). Problematizations in Alcohol Policy: WHO's "Alcohol Problems".Contemporary Drug Problems, 42(2), pp.130-147. D'Cruz, P. and Noronha, E. (2010). The exit coping response to workplace bullying.Employee Relations, 32(2), pp.102-120. Hancock, T. (1996). Models of health: choosing the right modela commentary on Models of Health: pervasive, persuasive and politically charged by Trudi Collins (1995).Health Promot Int, 11(1), pp.64-66. Hill, F. (2003). Towards a new model for health promotion? An analysis of complementary and alternative medicine and models of health promotion.Health Education Journal, 62(4), pp.369-380. Hughes, C. (2007). Evidence-based policy or policy-based evidence? The role of evidence in the development and implementation of the Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative.Drug Alcohol Revs., 26(4), pp.363-368. Hyde, P., Sparrow, P., Boaden, R. and Harris, C. (2013). High performance HRM: NHS employee perspectives.Journal of Health Organization and Management, 27(3), pp.296-311. Lexchin, J. (2012). Models for financing the regulation of pharmaceutical promotion.Globalization and Health, 8(1), p.24. MANDERSON, D. (1999). Symbolism and racism in drug history and policy.Drug and Alcohol Review, 18(2), pp.179-186. Miller, P. (2005). Harm reduction ethics: a promising basis for drug policy.Drug and Alcohol Review, 24(6), pp.553-554. Rittle, C. (2015). Multicultural Nursing: Providing Better Employee Care.Workplace Health Safety. Stockwell, T. (2004). Australian alcohol policy and the public interest: a brief report card.Drug and Alcohol Review, 23(4), pp.377-379. Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J. and Van Veldhoven, M. (2010). Predicting business unit performance using employee surveys: monitoring HRM-related changes.Human Resource Management Journal, 20(1), pp.44-63. Vassie, L. (2000). Managing homeworking: health and safety responsibilities.Employee Relations, 22(6), pp.540-554. Zheng, C., Molineux, J., Mirshekary, S. and Scarparo, S. (2015). Developing individual and organisational work-life balance strategies to improve employee health and wellbeing.Employee Relations, 37(3), pp.354-379. Zoellner, D. (2009). Creating Shared Mental Models for Evidence-Based Mental Health Promotion in Schools.Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 2(3), pp.15-29.

Models of Disability free essay sample

Disability is a human reality that has been perceived differently by diverse cultures and historical periods. For most of the 20th century, disability was defined according to a medical model. In the medical model, disability is assumed to be a way to characterize a particular set of largely static, functional limitations. This led to stereotyping and defining people by condition or limitations. World Health Organization (WHO) – New definition of Disability In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a new definition of disability, declaring it an umbrella term with several components: * impairments:  a problem in body function or structure * activity limitations:  a difficulty encountered by a person in executing a task or action * participation restrictions:  Ã‚  a problem experienced by a person in involvement in life situations. Social or Human Rights – New Model The new definition of disability: * Emphasizes the contextual Focuses on the role played by society in defining, causing, or maintaining disability, or disabling experiences * Respects individual abilities and choices Definition of disability| OLD APPROACH| NEW PARADIGM| * A diagnosis * A medical problem†. We will write a custom essay sample on Models of Disability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A person is limited and defined by the impairment or condition| * A social and environmental issue that deals with accessibility, accommodations, and equity * Individuals with temporary or permanent impairments require accommodations to live full and independent lives| Strategies to address disability| OLD APPROACH| NEW PARADIGM| Fix the individual * Correct the deficit within the individual * Provide medical, vocational, or psychological rehabilitation services| * Remove barriers: physical, intellectual, cultural and educational * Create access through accommodations, universal design, and inclusive learning environments| Role of person with disability| OLD APPROACH| NEW PARADIGM| * Object of intervention * Patient * Research subject| * Community member * Participant in cultural discourse * Decision maker * Customer, museum patron, artist, critic| Models  of  Disability There are 2 main  models  of  disability: the  Medical  Model  and the  Social  Model. The Medical  Model Under the Medical  Model, disabled people are  defined by their illness or medical condition. The Medical  Model  regards  disability  as an individual problem. It promotes the view  of  a disabled person as dependent and needing to be cured or cared for, and justifies the way in which disabled people have been systematically excluded from society. The disabled person is the problem, not society. Control resides firmly with professionals; choices for the individual are limited to the options provided and approved by the helping expert. The Medical  Model  is best summarised by referring to the International Classification  of  Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps developed by the World Health Organisation in  1980. The classification makes the following distinctions: Impairment  is ‘any loss or abnormality  of  psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function’. Disability  is ‘any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment)  of  ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being’. Diagram  of  Medical  Model The Medical  Model  focuses on what a person can’t do: Impairment| Disability| A wheelchair user| cannot climb the stairs or walk to the shops| A partially sighted person| cannot read information in ‘standard’ size print| A person with an acquired brain injury| cannot speak as quickly as other people| People with disabilities have generally rejected this  model. They say it has led to their low self esteem, undeveloped life skills, poor education and consequent high unemployment levels. Above all, they have recognised that the Medical  Modelrequires the breaking  of  natural relationships with their families, communities and society as a  whole. The Social  Model During the 1960’s and 1970’s newly formed groups  of  disabled people started to challenge the way in which they were treated and regarded within society. Alternative definitions  of  impairment and  disability  were developed and formed the basis  of  what is known as the Social  Model. Impairment  is the functional limitation within the individual caused by physical, mental or sensory impairment. Disability  is the loss or limitation  of  opportunities to take part in the normal life  ofthe community on an equal level with others due to physical and social barriers. (Barnes, 1994:2) Disability  is no longer seen as an individual problem but as a social issue caused by policies, practices, attitudes and/or the environment. For example, a wheelchair user may have a physical impairment but it is the absence  of  a ramp that prevents them from accessing a building. In other words, the disabling factor is the inaccessible environment. The disabled peoples movement believes the cure to the problem  of  disability  lies in the restructuring  of  society. Unlike medically based cures, that focus on individuals and their impairment, this is an achievable goal and to the benefit  ofeveryone. This approach suggests that disabled peoples individual and collective disadvantage is due to a complex form  of  institutional discrimination as fundamental to our society as sexism, racism or homophobia. The social  model  focuses on ridding society  of  barriers, rather than relying on ‘curing’ people  who  have impairments.